朔州市夏季环境空气中VOCs的污染特征及来源解析
Characteristics and sources apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in summer in Shuozhou
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摘要: 采集夏季朔州市环境空气中挥发性有机物（VOCs）的日变化样品，分析其中VOCs的浓度特征，运用特征比值和相关性、主成分分析、后向轨迹模型对其来源进行分析，并使用臭氧生成潜势和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势研究了其环境影响.结果表明，观测期间，朔州市VOCs的总体平均浓度为（102.93±35.90） μg·m-3，其中芳香烃类浓度最高，为53.52 μg·m-3；VOCs的日变化呈现了双峰特征，与NO2和O3的日变化结合分析显示了其浓度受到了机动车排放和光化学反应的影响显著；源解析结果显示VOCs的排放源主要有机动车排放、汽油和溶剂挥发、燃烧、植物排放等；观测期间气团受北方向、西北方向与西南方向输送的影响；芳香烃类化合物是臭氧生成潜势和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势最高的VOCs类化合物种类.研究结果显示，控制机动车排放和燃烧排放、减低溶剂使用等措施是目前控制朔州市环境空气中VOCs污染的主要途径.Abstract: Samples were collected and analysed to investigate the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in summer in Shuozhou. Ratio analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and the backward trajectory model were used to analyze the sources of VOCs. Ozone formation potential and secondary organic aerosols formation potential were employed to discuss the environmental implication of the detected VOCs. Results showed that the total average concentration of VOCs was (102.93 ± 35.90) μg·m-3 in Shuozhou, with the most abundant component being aromatic hydrocarbon (53.52 μg·m-3). The diurnal variation curve of the total VOCs concentration had a bimodal characteristic, and the combination of VOCs, NO2 and O3 showed that VOCs was significantly influenced by vehicle emission and photochemical reaction. There are four sources of ambient VOCs in Shuozhou, including vehicle emission, gasoline and solvent evaporation, fuel combustion, and plant emission. The highest compound during the analysis of ozone formation potential and secondary organic aerosols formation potential was aromatic hydrocarbons. To reduce the pollution of VOCs in Shuozhou, it is an important approach to control vehicle emission and fuel combustion emission, and reduce solvent use simultaneously.
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