广州地区一次典型光化学污染过程的监测
Monitoring of a typical photochemical pollution process in Guangzhou Region
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摘要: 为研究广州地区典型光化学污染过程形成的高浓度臭氧事件的变化特征及成因,2011年5月17—20日利用广州番禺大气成分站(GPACS)对污染气体(O3、VOCs、NO2、NO)、颗粒物(PM1、PM2.5、PM10)、能见度以及气象要素进行了监测.结果表明,光化学污染过程期间,臭氧总体浓度比较高,最大臭氧1 h浓度分别为103.8×10-9、169.9×10-9、146.1×10-9以及115.5×10-9,远超国家二级标准93×10-9(200 μg·m-3).但颗粒物浓度保持较低水平,颗粒物日均值远低于国家二级标准(PM10为150 μg·m-3,PM2.5为75 μg·m-3),能见度整体较高.芳香烃和烯烃是臭氧生成潜势最大的两个成分,其中异戊二烯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、甲苯等物种对臭氧生成贡献大.均压场-冷锋前天气形势带来的不利于污染物扩散的气象条件、强烈的辐射以及高浓度VOCs共同导致了这次高浓度臭氧污染事件的发生.Abstract: To investigate the variation characteristics and causes of a high-level ozone(O3) event during the typical photochemical pollution process in Guangzhou pollution gases (O3,VOCs,NO2,NO),atmospheric particles (PM1,PM2.5,PM10),visibility,and meteorological elements were monitorted at Guangzhou Panyu atmospheric composition station from May 17th to May 20th,2011. The results showed that O3 concentrations were general high with 103.8×10-9,169.9×10-9,146.1×10-9 and 115.5×10-9 in O3max 1 h concentration respectively,which greatly exceeded the national secondary standard 93×10-9 (200 μg·m-3) during this photochemical pollution process. However,the concentrations of particulate matters stayed low,and the daily concentrations of particulate matter were far below the national secondary standard(PM10 is 150 μg·m-3,PM2.5 is 75 μg·m-3),which were contrary to the visibility. Aromatics and alkenes were the two components with the highest ozone formation potential,in which isoprene,m-xylene,p-xylene and toluene made a large contribution to ozone formation. The uniform pressure-before cold front weather situation leading to the meteorological factors that weren't conductive to pollutant diffusion,high radiation and VOCs concentration together made this high-level O3 pollution event happen.
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Key words:
- photochemical pollution /
- ozone /
- volatile organic compounds /
- meteorological elements /
- Guangzhou.
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