多功能型天然高分子水处理剂的研究
Multi-functional natural polymer based water treatment agents
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摘要: 化学药剂一直以来在水处理领域里发挥着重要作用，主要有混凝剂/絮凝剂、杀菌剂、阻垢剂等.传统的水处理剂往往功能较为单一，存在种类繁多、投加量大、设备复杂、操作繁琐等诸多问题.且不同的药剂之间还有可能互相抑制，降低水处理效率.因此，研发兼具混凝/絮凝、抑/灭菌、阻垢等多功能水处理剂已得到人们的广泛关注.近年来，天然高分子水处理剂由于其绿色环保等特点而备受瞩目，因此研发多功能型天然高分子水处理剂具有重要的科学和现实意义.然而，到目前为止，天然高分子水处理剂的开发与应用还十分有限，作用机制也很不清楚，均有待进一步的深入研究.本文首先依次介绍了混凝剂/絮凝剂、杀菌剂与阻垢剂，并从其作用机理与材料结构特征出发，对其多功能性的实现进行了探讨；重点介绍目前絮凝-抑/灭菌双功能和絮凝-阻垢双功能天然高分子水处理剂的研发进展；同时从构效关系等角度出发，展望了多功能型天然高分子水处理剂的未来发展.Abstract: Water treatment agents, including coagulants/flocculants, bactericidal agents, and scale inhibitors, play important roles in the field of water treatment. However, traditional water treatment agents usually bear only single function, which result in a wide variety of agents with high doses, complicated devices, and fussy operations in real applications. Thus, it is of great significance in scientific research and practical applications to develop multifunctional water treatment agents containing coagulation/flocculation, bacteriostasis/sterilization, and scale inhibition. Moreover, natural polymer based water agents have been recently paid much more attentions due to their vital characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, and environmental friendliness. It is greatly significant to develop natural polymer based multi-functional water treatment agents. However, field operation datas in natural polymer based multi-functional water treatment agents are very limited, and their widespread use awaits field operation experience. This paper introduces coagulants/flocculants, bactericidal agents, and scale inhibitors as well as their application mechanisms. On the basis of structure-activity relationship, the realization of their multiple functions and the future development have been discussed in detail.
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