基于现场监测的异味污染暴露-效应评价
Odour exposure-response relationship evaluation based on field measurement
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摘要: 为研究异味源排放的气味暴露在环境中对居民产生的影响，以某卷烟厂为研究对象，采用现场监测的方法测定异味暴露的频率、强度、愉悦度等暴露因子，并结合社会学问卷调查法，量化评价异味源对周边居民产生的烦恼程度，建立能够反映居民真实感受的气味影响评价模型，同时利用流行病学的研究思想及方法研究了异味愉悦度（愉快-不愉快）和强度对人群烦恼度的影响.结果表明，在监测周期，通过"气味小时数"得到该卷烟厂排气筒排放异味扩散到周边居民区的频率在2%-37%的范围内，采用六级强度法得到该烟厂排放异味的强度在2-2.8之间，同时根据愉悦度九级度量法，监测得到该烟厂排放异味的愉悦度为-1（稍感不快）——2.1（中度不快）.在居民区异味发生的频率与居民高度烦恼率之间的关系符合二次多项式模型，人群产生的烦恼程度随该卷烟厂异味暴露频率的增大而增加.将该卷烟厂的异味频率控制在不会引起10%的居民产生高度烦恼，则异味频率不能超过7%.暴露-效应关系受到气味强度及愉悦度的影响，愉悦度的影响更为严重（OR=3.3，95%-CI=1.8-6.2），异味源排放的气味越不愉悦，居民产生的烦恼就越严重.研究显示，掌握异味暴露与居民烦恼度之间的剂量-效应关系，可以确定合理的气味可接受水平，为异味污染环境影响评价标准的制订提供科学依据.Abstract: In order to study the exposure-response relationship between community annoyance and odour exposure, cigarette factory was selected as the research object, using field measurement to assess odour exposure factor such as frequency, intensity and hedonic tone with trained observers. Additionally, the degree of annoyance, and the frequency of general health complaints were collected from the exposed residents through sociological questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to establish exposure-response associations with odour frequency as independent variables and annoyance as the dependent variable. The epidemiological research method was used to study the effects of odor hedonic tone (offensiveness of the odour perception) and odour intensity on population interference. The results showed that during the monitoring period, the frequency of odour emitted from the cigarette factory spreading to the surrounding residential areas was 2%-37% calculated by "odour hour", the odour intensity was in range of 2-2.8 using 6-level intensity scale, and the hedonic tone level was -1 (slightly unpleasant) to -2.1 (moderately unpleasant) according to 9-point hedonic scale. The percentage of highly annoyed population (HA,%) was found to have a quadratic polynomial relationship with the odour exposure frequency (frequency,%). If the HA is less than 10%,the odour frequency cannot exceed 7%. The exposure-response association was affected by odour intensity and hedonic tone, but the impact of hedonic tone is more significant (OR=3.3, 95%-CI=1.8-6.2). The HA is found to be higher when the odour is less pleasant. The results showed that the establishment of exposure-response association can determine a reasonable acceptable level of odour exposure and provide scientific basis for the development of odour impact assessment standards.
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Key words:
- field measurement /
- odour hour /
- sociological questionnaire /
- exposure-response
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