新疆东天山某铜矿区土壤重金属污染与生态风险评价
Soil heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment in a copper mining area in East Tianshan, Xinjiang
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摘要: 选取戈壁荒漠景观生态环境脆弱区典型铜矿区为研究区，采集308个表层土壤样品，对Cu、Ni、Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn、Hg、As等8种重金属元素进行测试分析，综合运用相关性分析、主成分分析和系统聚类等多元统计和地统计学方法分析了矿区土壤重金属的空间分布特征，运用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险评价法评价了重金属累积程度和潜在生态风险危害程度，并对重金属的可能来源进行了解析.结果表明，研究区表层土壤重金属中Cu、Ni累积程度相对较高，超背景值比例分别为17.53%、14.94%.重金属地质累积程度由强至弱依次为：Cu > Zn > Cr > Ni > Hg > Pb > As > Cd；0.65%的土壤样品中Pb属重度污染水平，2.92%土壤样品中Cu属重度污染水平.98.38%的土壤样品重金属污染潜在生态风险危害较轻，重金属迁移影响范围有限.重金属Cu、Ni为主要特征污染物，来源于成土母岩风化和矿业活动共同作用；As、Hg、Cd元素污染程度较低，受人为因素影响较小；Pb元素污染呈点状分布，来源主要为矿区交通运输.Abstract: Spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soil were studied in a copper mining area in East Tianshan, a typical Gobi Desert landscape with fragile ecological environment. A total of 8 heavy metals, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Hg and As were measured in 308 surface soil samples. The spatial variability and distribution characteristics of the heavy metals were analyzed by combining multivariate statistical and geostatistical methods and the accumulation level of heavy metal pollution were evaluated by geological accumulative index. The results indicated that the accumulation of Cu and Ni in the surface soil were at relatively high level. The content of Cu in 17.53% of soil samples and the content of Ni in 14.94% of soil samples exceeded their environmental background value. The average accumulation index of surface soil followed the order of Cu > Zn > Cr > Ni > Hg > Pb > As > Cd. 0.65% of the Pb and 2.92% of the Cu in soil samples classified as the level of severe pollution. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals, accounting for 98.38% of the soil sample, was relatively low, and the contamination scope was limited. Cu and Ni were the characteristic pollutants and associated with the combination of parent material and anthropogenic contributions. As, Hg, and Cd were less affected by human activities and were at relatively low pollution level. Pb was dominated by transportation related to various human activities.
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Key words:
- heavy metal pollution /
- copper mine /
- ecological risk assessment /
- East Tianshan
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