石灰氮对土壤NH3、N2O排放的影响
Effects of lime-nitrogen application on the emission of soil NH3 and N2O
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摘要:
为了研究石灰氮对土壤氨（NH3）挥发和氧化亚氮（N2O）排放的影响，本研究采用室内模拟方法，共设置石灰氮（LN）、尿素（Ur）、碳酸氢铵（AB）和对照（CK）等4个处理，分别采用原位通气和静态箱法测定NH3和N2O排放速率.结果表明，与AB处理氨挥发速率逐渐降低的特征相比，LN与Ur处理氨挥发速率均呈先增加后降低的特征，且LN处理的氨挥发速率高于Ur处理.Ur、AB处理的N2O排放为单峰，LN处理先后出现两个排放峰.培养前期（2-12 d），LN处理土壤NH4+-N显著高于Ur和AB处理，与该处理前期NO3--N含量增幅较小、随后增长速率加快相吻合.AB和Ur处理的N2O、NH3排放速率均与土壤NO3--N和NH4+-N显著相关，但LN处理仅NH3挥发速率与土壤NO3--N、NH4+-N显著相关.LN、AB和Ur处理NH3挥发系数分别为5.9%、5.3%和2.5%，N2O排放系数分别为0.52%、1.13%和0.76%.综上，施用石灰氮可显著降低N2O排放，但增加了NH3挥发风险，因此施用石灰氮时应综合考虑其氮素损失及环境风险.
Abstract:An incubation experiment was carried out to compare the impacts of lime-nitrogen (LN), urea (Ur), ammonium bicarbonate (AB) applications on the ammonia (NH3) volatilization and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in soil in comparison with the unfertilized treatment (CK). The NH3 volatilization and N2O emission were measured using venting chamber technique and static chamber method, respectively. Results show that LN and Ur treatments showed similar emission patterns characterized by rapidly increasing emission rates at first and gradually decreasing rates afterwards, which differs from that of the AB treatment characterized by continuous decreasing rates. Single emission peak for the N2O emissions from the Ur and AB treatments but two emission peaks for LN treatment were observed. The soil NH4+-N contents in LN treatment during 2-12 days were significantly greater than those of the Ur and AB treatments, which corresponded to the slow increase at the beginning and quick increase of soil NO3--N contents afterward. The N2O and NH3 emissions both were significantly correlated to the soil NO3--N and NH4+-N content in the Ur and AB treatments, but in the LN treatment only the NH3 volatilization was significantly correlated to the soil NO3--N and NH4+-N content. The NH3-N loss of the LN, AB and Ur was 5.9%, 5.3% and 2.5% of the N input, and the respective N2O loss accounted for 0.52%, 1.13% and 0.76% of the N input. Overall, application of lime-nitrogen can significantly reduce the N2O emission but increase the NH3 volatilization.
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