新疆吉木乃诸河水体氢氧同位素和水化学特征
Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and hydrochemical parameters of water samples from the Jimunai River Basin,Xinjiang
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摘要: 利用2018年6月和11月在新疆吉木乃诸河流域采集的河水、冰雪融水和降水样品，对流域水体的水化学成分和氢氧稳定同位素（D，18O）组成的时间和空间特征进行了系统研究.结果表明，吉木乃诸河在丰水期和枯水期阳离子均以Ca2+为主，阴离子以HCO3-为主，其次分别为Na+和SO42-.在空间上，Na+、Mg2+、SO42-、Cl-随着海拔的降低呈增加趋势.通过Piper图可以判断出，吉木乃诸河水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型.利用Gibbs图可知流域内主要离子组成与各类岩石的风化作用有关，大气降水和蒸发作用的影响相对较小.结合当地的水文地质情况，运用离子含量比值法，可以发现离子主要来源于流域内碳酸盐风化和含硫矿物的氧化.丰水期吉木乃诸河地表水中δ18O和δD较枯水期高，冰川融水的同位素值没有明显的季节变化，降水中的同位素值季节变化较大，其区域大气降水线方程为δD=7.5δ18O+5.4（R2=0.99）.吉木乃诸河河水中稳定同位素与海拔呈现正相关关系，主要原因是蒸发作用的增加，地表水同位素值偏负.该区域地表径流与冰川融水密切相关，冰川融水对该流域水资源的补给贡献较大.Abstract: Based on the river water, glacial meltwater and precipitation samples collected in Jimunai River Basin of Xinjiang during June and November in 2018, the temporal and spatial variation of hydrochemical components and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope composition were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the cations of Jimunai River Basin were dominated by Ca2+ in the wet and dry seasons, and the anions were dominated by HCO3-, followed by Na+ and SO42-. Na+, Mg2+, SO42- and Cl- showed an increased trend with the decrease of altitude. The major water type was HCO3-Ca identified by the Pipper model. The Gibbs graph showed that the main ion composition in the basin was related to carbonate weathering and oxidation of sulfur-containing minerals, and the effects of atmospheric precipitation and evaporation were relatively weak. The δD and δ18O values of surface water in wet season were higher than that in dry season, but the seasonal variation of the isotope value of the glacial melt water was relatively insignificant. The isotope value of the precipitation had obvious seasonal variation, and fit the correlation equation:δD=7.5δ18O+5.4 (R2=0.99) called local meteoric water lines (LMWL). The stable isotope in river water of our study gradually decreased with the decrease of altitude, and it was positively correlated with altitude. This indicated that due to the increase of evaporation, the surface water isotope value was negative. By analyzing the isotopic composition, surface runoff was closely related to glacial meltwater which demonstrated that glacial meltwater contributes a lot to the replenishment of water resources in the basin.
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