新疆喀什地区地下水氟的空间分布规律及其富集因素分析
Spatial distribution and enrichment factors of groundwater fluoride in Kashgar Region, Xinjiang
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摘要: 高氟地下水严重影响当地居民的身体健康.基于新疆喀什地区571个地下水样的氟离子实测含量，运用Mapgis软件绘制研究区地下水氟含量分布图，结果表明，研究区地下水氟含量呈西部、北部高于东部、南部，中部最低的特点；山麓斜坡冲洪积砾质平原区氟含量表现为浅层潜水高于深层潜水，中下游河流冲积平原区地下水氟含量表现为潜水 > 浅层承压水 > 深层承压水.采用绘制Gibbs图、Piper三线图、离子比例图等方法对研究区水化学环境特征及地下水氟的富集因素进行研究，结果表明，研究区地下水氟源于山前含氟基岩；受地下水径流条件影响，研究区地下水氟含量平均值表现为中下游河流冲积平原区>山麓斜坡冲洪积砾质平原区；蒸发浓缩作用使F-浓度进一步增大；研究区高氟地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3-Na和Cl·SO4-Na型，地下水弱碱性环境有助于F-的富集.Abstract: High-fluoride groundwater seriously affects the health of local residents. Based on the measured concentration of fluoride in 571 groundwater samples, the distribution of groundwater fluoride in the study area was mapped using the Mapgis software. The results showed that the fluoride concentration in groundwater in the west and north was higher than in the east and south, and the middle area was the lowest of the study area. The fluoride concentration in shallow unconfined groundwater was higher than that in deep unconfined groundwater in piedmont slope alluvial gravel plain area. The fluoride concentration of groundwater in alluvial plain area of middle and lower reaches was manifested as unconfined groundwater > shallow confined groundwater > deep confined groundwater. The Gibbs diagram, Piper trilinear diagram, and ion ratio diagrams were used to study the hydrochemical environment characteristics and the enrichment factors of groundwater fluoride. The results showed that the groundwater fluoride was originated from fluoride-containing bedrock in the piedmont. Affected by the groundwater runoff conditions, the average fluoride concentration of groundwater in alluvial plain area of middle and lower reaches was larger than that in the piedmont slope alluvial gravel plain area. Evaporation and concentration increase fluoride concentration further. The hydrochemical types of high-fluoride groundwater were mainly HCO3-Na and Cl·SO4-Na, and the groundwater weak alkaline environment contributed to the enrichment of fluoride.
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