组合式人工湿地对分散型生活污水净化效果及其微生物群落结构特征
Purification effect of combined artificial wetlands on dispersed domestic sewage and analysis of microbial community structure
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摘要: 为了解组合式人工湿地对分散型生活污水的净化效果及微生物群落结构多样性的变化规律，以某生活污水处理厂细格栅出水为研究对象，研究人工湿地对生活污水中COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除效果，采用高通量测序的方法分析填料和植物根系微生物的多样性变化规律.结果表明，组合式人工湿地在0.15—0.35 m3·（m2·d）-1的水力负荷下对污染物的去除效果最好，对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率为82.94%、65.69%、56.57%和79.98%，湿地出水稳定达标.此次分析包括门、纲、属水平，其中在门分类水平上以变形菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门为共有的优势菌门，在纲为分类水平上以γ-变形菌纲、酸杆菌纲、α-变形杆菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲为优势菌群，在属为分类水平上以硝化螺旋菌属、节杆菌属、红游动菌属和假单胞菌属为优势菌属.其中，湿地填料和植物根系微生物群落多样性与污水性质相关性分析表明，其微生物多样性与污水温度、pH和溶解氧呈现显著负相关，这是影响组合式人工湿地填料和植物根系微生物群落发生变化的重要因子.Abstract: In order to understand the purification effect of combined constructed wetlands on the pollutant removal of domestic sewage and the change of the microbial community structure, the removal effect of COD, NH3-N, TN and TP in the fine grid effluent from Sewage Treatment Plant by the constructed wetlands and the high throughput sequencing information of the microbial community in the filler and plant root system were studied, respectively. The results showed that constructed wetlands had the best effect on pollutant removal under the hydraulic load of 0.15-0.35 m3·(m2·d)-1, with the average removal rate of COD, NH3-N, TN and TP being 82.94%, 65.69%, 56.57% and 79.98%, respectively. The effluent of constructed wetlands reached the standard stably. The microbiological analysis included phylum, class and genus levels, in which proteobacteria, acidobacteria, chlorobacteria, firmicutes, and actinomycetes were dominant bacteria at the phylum classification level, γ-proteobacteria, acidobacteria, α-proteobacteria and bacillus were dominant bacteria at the phylum classification level, and spirulina, arthrobacter, erythrozoa and pseudomonas were dominant bacteria at the genus level. Meanwhile, based on the analysis of the correlation between constructed wetlands' fillers and plant root microbial community diversity and the nature of sewage, it was found that microbial diversity was significantly negatively correlated with sewage temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen, which were important factors affecting the changes of the combined constructed wetlands fillers and plant root microbial community.
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