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中国河湖水体重金属污染趋势及来源解析

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周巧巧, 任勃, 李有志, 牛艳东, 丁小慧, 姚欣, 边华林. 中国河湖水体重金属污染趋势及来源解析[J]. 环境化学, 2020, (8): 2044-2054. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2019060403
引用本文: 周巧巧, 任勃, 李有志, 牛艳东, 丁小慧, 姚欣, 边华林. 中国河湖水体重金属污染趋势及来源解析[J]. 环境化学, 2020, (8): 2044-2054. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2019060403
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ZHOU Qiaoqiao, REN Bo, LI Youzhi, NIU Yandong, DING Xiaohui, YAO Xin, BIAN Hualin. Trends and sources of dissolved heavy metal pollution in water of rivers and lakes in China[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, (8): 2044-2054. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2019060403
Citation: ZHOU Qiaoqiao, REN Bo, LI Youzhi, NIU Yandong, DING Xiaohui, YAO Xin, BIAN Hualin. Trends and sources of dissolved heavy metal pollution in water of rivers and lakes in China[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, (8): 2044-2054. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2019060403
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中国河湖水体重金属污染趋势及来源解析

  • 1. 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙, 410128;

  • 2. 湖南省林业科学院, 长沙, 410128;

  • 3. 洞庭湖区农村生态系统健康湖南省重点实验室, 长沙, 410128

    • 通讯作者: 李有志, E-mail: liyouzhi2004@163.com ; 
  • 基金项目:

    湖南省重点研发计划项目（2019NK2011）和湖南创新型省份建设专项社发领域重点项目（2019SK2336）联合资助.

Trends and sources of dissolved heavy metal pollution in water of rivers and lakes in China

  • 1. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;

  • 2. Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410128, China;

  • 3. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China

    • Corresponding author: LI Youzhi, liyouzhi2004@163.com ; 
  • Fund Project: Supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Hunan(2019NK2011) and Key Projects in Social Development Field of Hunan Innovative Province Construction (2019SK2336).

  • 摘要: 水体重金属污染是我国主要的环境问题之一，时空变化明显.本文收集整理了1980-2016年间中国35条河流和64个湖泊水体的5种溶解态重金属（Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu和As）数据，运用Mann-Kendall趋势检验判断污染趋势，并采用主成分（PCA）分析结合多元线性回归解析其污染来源.研究结果表明，1980-2016年间水体溶解态重金属Cd、Zn和As浓度呈现出升高趋势，而Pb和Cu浓度呈现出下降趋势.在1980-2010年，河湖水体溶解态重金属的主要污染源为农业排放和工业排放；2011-2016年主要污染源转变为自然排放和生活废弃物排放.在我国四大经济区域（东北、东部、中部、西部）中，河湖水体溶解态重金属浓度总体上以东北和中部地区最高，西部次之，东部地区最低.东北区域污染源以农业和生活废弃物排放为主，中部区域以工业和生活废弃物排放为主，西部区域以农业排放为主，东部区域工业、农业和生活废弃物排放比较均衡.可见，我国河湖水体重金属污染形势依然严峻，其污染来源已由工农业排放转向自然和生活废弃排放，应重点控制生活的废弃物污染.
    Abstract: Heavy metal pollution in water is a serious environmental problem and it differs by region and time. This study reviewed past sampling data across 35 rivers and 64 lakes in China from 1980 to 2016 and analyzed the trends and sources of five dissolved heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and As) in water bodies by the Mann-Kendall trend test, and principal components analysis followed by multiple linear regressions. Water bodies in rivers and lakes showed increasing trend in Cd, Zn, and As, and decreasing trend in Pb and Cu from 1980 to 2016. The main sources of heavy metals in water of rivers and lakes were industrial and agricultural emissions from 1980 to 2010 and natural and domestic waste emissions from 2011 to 2016. Collectively, mean concentration of heavy metal in water was higher in northeast and central regions, intermediate in western region, and lower in eastern region. The main sources of heavy metals in water of rivers and lakes were different in the four regions:agricultural and domestic waste emissions in northeast region, industrial and domestic waste emissions in central region, agricultural emission in western region, and industrial, agricultural, and domestic waste emissions in eastern region. It was clear that the main source of heavy metal pollution in water has changed from industrial and agricultural emissions to natural and domestic waste emissions over times and the pollution control measures should be given attention on the domestic waste emissions.
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  • 收稿日期:  2019-06-04

中国河湖水体重金属污染趋势及来源解析

    通讯作者: 李有志, E-mail: liyouzhi2004@163.com ; 
  • 1. 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙, 410128;
  • 2. 湖南省林业科学院, 长沙, 410128;
  • 3. 洞庭湖区农村生态系统健康湖南省重点实验室, 长沙, 410128
  • 收稿日期:  2019-06-04
基金项目:

湖南省重点研发计划项目（2019NK2011）和湖南创新型省份建设专项社发领域重点项目（2019SK2336）联合资助.

摘要: 水体重金属污染是我国主要的环境问题之一，时空变化明显.本文收集整理了1980-2016年间中国35条河流和64个湖泊水体的5种溶解态重金属（Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu和As）数据，运用Mann-Kendall趋势检验判断污染趋势，并采用主成分（PCA）分析结合多元线性回归解析其污染来源.研究结果表明，1980-2016年间水体溶解态重金属Cd、Zn和As浓度呈现出升高趋势，而Pb和Cu浓度呈现出下降趋势.在1980-2010年，河湖水体溶解态重金属的主要污染源为农业排放和工业排放；2011-2016年主要污染源转变为自然排放和生活废弃物排放.在我国四大经济区域（东北、东部、中部、西部）中，河湖水体溶解态重金属浓度总体上以东北和中部地区最高，西部次之，东部地区最低.东北区域污染源以农业和生活废弃物排放为主，中部区域以工业和生活废弃物排放为主，西部区域以农业排放为主，东部区域工业、农业和生活废弃物排放比较均衡.可见，我国河湖水体重金属污染形势依然严峻，其污染来源已由工农业排放转向自然和生活废弃排放，应重点控制生活的废弃物污染.

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