瓦里关全球大气本底站站址环境及部分观测要素变化特征
Characteristics of the station environment and some atmospheric compositions of China global atmosphere watch baseline observatory at Mt.Waliguan
-
摘要: 本文介绍了瓦里关全球大气本底站地理环境特征，总结分析了近年来该站的基本气象要素特征以及1994年-2017年该站CO2、CH4、CO和地面O3等观测数据的变化特征.结果显示，该站大气CO2、CH4和地面O3本底浓度年平均值逐渐增加，而CO浓度呈现略微下降的变化趋势.其中，CO2受陆地生物周期生长过程的影响，其季节变化表现出与国外观测结果及全球分布特点一致的冬春季偏高，夏秋季偏低的特征.CH4、CO的变化趋势与北半球的总体变化状况基本相符，但各年的增长率波动与全球平均状况有区别.地面O3受地形、长距离传输和平流层输入的影响表现出特有的季节变化特征，春末夏初浓度明显高于其他季节.后向轨迹分析表明该站冬春两季主要以北部和东北部气流输送为主，夏季以西部气流输送影响居多，而秋季作为夏季向冬季转化的过渡季节，各种天气系统交替影响，轨迹的空间分布较均匀.Abstract: This paper introduced the geographical environment characteristics of China Global Atmosphere Watch Baseline Observatory at Mt.Waliguan, and analyzed the meteorological characteristics in recent years, as well as the variation characteristics of the observation data of CO2, CH4, CO and surface O3 from 1994 to 2017. The results showed that the annual average background concentrations of atmospheric CO2, CH4 and surface O3 gradually increased, but the CO concentration decreased. CO2 was affected by the periodic growth process of terrestrial biological system, the seasonal concentration of CO2 was higher in winter and spring, and lower in summer and autumn, which was consistent with the results of overseas observation and its global distribution. The trends of CH4 and CO were basically consistent with the overall variation in the Northern Hemisphere, but the fluctuations of growth rates from year to year were different from the global average. The surface O3 was characterized by its unique seasonal variation, higher in late spring and early summer, due to the influence of topography, long distance transport and lower stratospheric input. The backward trajectory analysis showed that the station was mainly affected by the airflow from the north and northeast in winter and spring, and the airflow from the west in summer. As a transitional season from summer to winter, autumn was affected by various weather systems alternately, and the trajectory was evenly distributed in different direction.
-
Key words:
- Mt.Waliguan /
- background station /
- atmospheric composition /
- backward trajectory
-
-
[1] 唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.大气环境化学[M].2版. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2006. TANG X Y, ZHANG Y H, SHAO M. Atmospheric environmental chemistry[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006(in Chinese). [2] WMO. Global atmosphere watch measurements guide[R]. WMO TD No. 1073, 2001. [3] DRAXLER R R, HESS G D. An overview of the Hysplit-4 modeling system for trajectories, dispersion, an deposition[J]. Australian Meteorological Magazine, 1998, 47:295-308. [4] DRAXLER R R, HESS G D. Description of the Hysplit-4 modeling system, 1998[R]. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ARL-224, December. [5] 徐晓斌,刘希文,林伟立,等.输送对区域本底站痕量气体浓度的影响[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(6):657-658. XU X B, LIU X W, LIN W L, et al. Impacts of air parcel transport on the concentrations of trace gases at regional background stations[J]. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2009, 20(6):657-658(in Chinese).
[6] BRANKOV E, RAO S T, PORTER P S. A trajectory-clustering-correlation methodology for examining the long-range transport of air pollutants[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1998, 32:1525-1534. [7] LIN W L, XU X B, SUN J Y,et al. Background concentrations of reactive gases and the impacts of long-range transport at the Jinsha regional atmospheric background station[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2011, 54(10):1604-1613. [8] 宓云姘,王晓萍,唐舒越.光腔衰荡光谱技术及其应用综述[J].光学仪器,2007,29(5):86-88. MI Y P, WANG X P, TANG S Y. Review on cavity ring down spectroscopy technology and it is application[J]. Optical Instruments, 2007, 29(5):86-88(in Chinese).
[9] 方双喜,周凌晞,臧昆鹏,等.光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)法观测我国4个本底站大气CO2[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(3):625-626. FANG S X, ZHOU L X, ZANG K P, et al. Measurement of atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) at the 4 background stations in China[J]. ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2011, 31(3):625-626(in Chinese).
[10] 金赛花,樊曙先,王自发,等. 青海瓦里关地面臭氧浓度的变化特征[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(3):199-202. JIN S H, FAN S X, WANG Z F, et al. The variation characteristics of surface ozone concentration at Waliguan in Qinghai[J].China Environmental Science, 2008, 28(3):199-202(in Chinese).
[11] 温玉璞,邵志清,徐晓斌,等. 青海瓦里关大气CO2本底浓度变化规律的观测研究[J].中国环境科学, 1993,13(6):421-423. WEN Y P,SHAO Z Q,XU X B, et al. Preliminary study of atmospheric CO2 variations at Mt.Waliguan[J]. China Environmental Science, 1993, 13(6):421-423(in Chinese).
[12] 赵玉成,温玉璞,德力格尔,等. 青海瓦里关大气CO2本底浓度的变化特征[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(1):2-4. ZHAO Y C, WEN Y P, DE L G E, et al. Change characteristics of atmospheric CO2 Background concentration in Waliguan Qinghai[J]. China Environmental Science, 2006, 26(1):2-4(in Chinese).
[13] 周凌晞,李金龙,温玉璞,等.瓦里关山大气CO2及其δ13C本底变化[J].环境科学学报,2003,23(3):296-298. ZHOU L X,LI J L,WEN Y P, et al.Background variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and its stable carbon isotopes at Mt.Waliguan[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2003,23(3):296-298(in Chinese).
[14] WMO. World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases Data Summary[Z].Tokyo,Japan,WDCGG,Data Report,2015,39:1-40. [15] WMO. World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases Data Summary[Z].Tokyo, Japan,WDCGG,Data Report,2016,40:1-39. [16] 温玉璞,汤洁,邵志清,等. 瓦里关山大气二氧化碳浓度变化及地表排放影响的研究[J].应用气象学报,1997,8(2):132-135. WEN Y P, TANG J, SHAO Z Q, et al.A study of atmospheric CO2 concentration variations and emission from the soil surface at Mt.Waliguan[J]. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1997, 8(2):132-135(in Chinese).
[17] 周凌晞,张晓春,郝庆菊,等. 温室气体本底观测研究[J].气候变化研究进展, 2006,2(2):63-67. ZHOU L X, ZHANG X C, HAO Q J, et al. Study of the background greenhouse gas observation[J]. Advances in Climate Change Research, 2006, 2(2):63-67(in Chinese).
[18] 刘立新,周凌晞,张晓春,等. 我国4个国家级本底站大气CO2浓度变化特征[J].中国科学,2009,39(2):222-226. LIU L X, ZHOU L X, ZHANG X C, et al. Change characteristics of atmospheric CO2 concentration in 4 national-level base stations in China[J]. Science in China Press, 2009, 39(2):222-226(in Chinese).
[19] LIU L X, ZHOU L X, ZHANG X C, et al. The characteristics of atmospheric CO2 concentration variation of four national background stations in China[J]. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences, 2009, 52(11):1857-1863. [20] 周凌晞,周秀骥,张晓春,等.瓦里关温室气体本底研究的主要进展[J].气象学报, 2007,65(3):458-467. ZHOU L X, ZHOU X J, ZHANG X C, et al. Key advances in the study of the Greenhouse gas base in Mt.Waliguan[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2007, 65(3):458-467(in Chinese).
[21] 德力格尔,赵玉成.青海省瓦里关地区近十年来大气本底化学组分的变化特征[J].环境化学,2007, 265(2):241-244. DE L G E, ZHAO Y C. The variation characteristics of atmospheric Background chemical component in recent 10 years over Mt.Waliguanof Qinghai Province[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2007, 265(2):241-244(in Chinese).
[22] 赵玉成,李宝鑫,黄建青.瓦里关大气本底浓度的长期连续监测及变化特征[J].青海环境,2018, 28(1):36-38. ZHAO Y C,LI B X,HUANG J Q. Long-term continuous monitoring and change characteristics of the atmospheric Background concentration in Mt.Waliguan[J]. Journal of Qinghai Environment, 2018, 28(1):36-38(in Chinese).
[23] 周凌晞,李金龙,汤洁,等.瓦里关山大气CH4本底变化[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(1):91-95. ZHOU L X, LI J L, TANG J, et al. Variations of Background atmospheric methane at Mt.Waliguan,China[J]. ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(1):91-95(in Chinese).
[24] 刘立新,周凌晞,温民,张芳,方双喜,姚波. 我国4个国家级野外站大气CH4本底浓度变化特征[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2009,5(5):285-290. LIU L X, ZHOU L X, WEN M, et al. Change characteristics of atmospheric CH4 concentration in 4 national-level base stations in China[J]. Advances in Climate Change Research, 2009,5(5):285-290(in Chinese).
[25] 方双喜,周凌晞,许林,等. 我国4个WMO/GAW本底站CH4浓度及变化特征[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):2917-2923. FANG S X, ZHOU L X, XU L, et al. CH4 Concentrations and the variation characteristics at the four WMO/GAW Background Stations in China[J]. Environmental Science, 2012, 33(9):2917-2923(in Chinese).
[26] 程红兵,王木林,温玉璞,等. 我国瓦里关山、兴隆温室气CO2、CH4和N2O的背景浓度[J].应用气象学报,2013,14(4):402-409. CHENG H B,WANG M L,WEN Y P, et al. Background concentration of atmospheric CO2,CH4 and N2O at Mt.Waliguan and Xinglong in China[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2013, 14(4):402-409(in Chinese).
[27] 周凌晞,温玉璞,李金龙,等.瓦里关山大气CO本底变化[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(4):637-642. ZHOU L X, WEN Y P, LI J L, et al. Background variation in atmospheric carbon monoxide at Mt.Waliguan[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiate, 2004, 24(4):637-642(in Chinese).
[28] 陈碧辉.温室气体源汇及其对气候影响的研究现状[J].气象科学,2006,26(5):586-589. CHEN B X. The present situation of research on greenhouse gases[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences, 2006, 26(5):586-589(in Chinese).
[29] 乜虹,牛生杰,王治邦,等.青藏高原清洁地区近地面层臭氧的特征分析[J].干旱气象,2004,22(1):1-7. NIE H, NIU S J, WANG Z B, et al. Characteristic analysis of surface ozone over clean area in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. ARID Meteorology, 2004, 22(1)1-7(in Chinese).
[30] 赵玉成,何发祥,乜虹,等.瓦里关地区气象因子对近地面臭氧浓度影响的分析[J].青海环境,2002,12(2):50-53. ZHAO Y C, HE F X, NIE H, et al. Analysis of the effect of meteorological factors on near-ground ozone concentration in Mt.Waliguan[J]. Journal of Qinghai Environment, 2002, 12(2):50-53(in Chinese).
[31] DING A J,WANG T.Influence of stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange on the seasonal cycle of surface ozone at Mount Waliguan in western China[J].Geophy Res Lett,2006,33,L03803.Doi:10.1029/205 GL024760. [32] WANG T, WONG H L A, TANG J, et al. On the origin of surface ozone and reactive nitrogen observed at a remote mountain site in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,western China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111,D08303, Doi:10.1029/2005JD006527. [33] ZHU B,AKIMOTO H,WANG Z, et a1. Why does surface ozone peak in summertime at Waliguan[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31,L17104.Doi:10.1029/2004GL020609. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3913
- HTML全文浏览数: 3913
- PDF下载数: 84
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
