川东北大气沉降中水溶态重金属季节变化:自然和人为因素的影响
Seasonal variations of water-soluble heavy metals in atmospheric deposition at NE Sichuan, Central China: Natural and anthropogenic effects
-
摘要: 大气沉降地球化学研究对解释表生环境中元素地球化学行为具有重要意义.但以往对大气沉降地球化学的研究主要集中在城市或者受工业活动强烈影响的地区.本研究选择地处偏远、无明显工业活动影响的川东北地区，于2011年8月—2014年7月采集大气沉降样品，对其中水溶态重金属元素Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Cd和Pb进行了研究.结果表明，这些重金属元素的年平均沉降通量最大的为Zn，158 μg·（102 cm2·a）-1，最小的为Ga，0.06 μg·（102 cm2·a）-1，相差达到4个数量级.相对于我国城镇地区或受工业活动影响的偏远地区，川东北地区重金属元素沉降通量较低.总体上Co和Ni的沉降通量在冬-春季节较高，可能与这些季节的大气粉尘活动有关，Ga、Pb、Cr、Cd、Zn、As等则一般在夏季沉降通量较高，可能与降水增加和旅游旺季的人类活动加强有关.2012年12月—2013年9月的当地道路改建工程导致了重金属元素沉降通量的明显提高.Abstract: Geochemical study of atmospheric deposition is important for explanation of the geochemical behavior of elements in epigenetic environment. However, previous studies largely focused on cities or areas strongly affected by industrial activities. In this study, the NE Sichuan Province, a remote area receiving little influence from industrial activities, was selected to investigate water-soluble heavy metals (such as Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Cd and Pb) in the atmospheric depositions collected from in August 2011 to July 2014. The results indicated that Zn had the largest deposition flux with an annual average of 158 μg·(102cm2·m)-1, while Ga had the smallest one with an annual average of 0.06 μg·(102cm2·m)-1, 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of Zn. The deposition flux of heavy metals at NE Sichuan was lower than those obtained at cities and towns or in areas affected by industrial activities. In general, Co and Ni showed higher deposition fluxes in the winter and spring seasons which might be related to atmospheric dust activities in these seasons. Ga, Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn and As displayed higher deposition fluxes in the summer season, which might be due to increased precipitation as well as more tourist activities in this season. The local road reconstruction in December 2012- September 2013 led to a significant increase in the deposition flux of heavy metals.
-
Key words:
- atmospheric deposition /
- heavy metals /
- deposition flux /
- central China /
- influencing factors
-
-
[1] KAMPA M, CASTANAS E. Human health effects of air pollution.[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2008, 151(2):362-367. [2] WEERASUNDARA L, MAGANA-ARACHCHI D N, ZIYATH A M, et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition in a congested city environment in a developing country:Kandy City, Sri Lanka[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018, 220:198-206. [3] 许栩楠, 曾立民, 张远航, 等. 北京市怀柔区冬季大气重金属污染状况分析[J]. 环境化学, 2016, 35(12):2460-2468. XU X N, ZENG L M, ZHANG Y H, et al. The pollution status analysis of atmospheric heavy metal elements during winter in Huairou District of Beijing[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2016, 35(12):2460-2468(in Chinese).
[4] 王艳, 刘晓环, 金玲仁, 等. 泰山地区湿沉降中重金属的空间分布[J]. 环境科学, 2007, 28(11):2562-2568. WANG Y, LIU X H, JIN L R, et al. Spatial variations of heavy metals in precipitation at Mount Taishan region[J]. Environmental Science, 2007, 28(11):2562-2568(in Chinese).
[5] 肖浩, 肖化云, 吴攀, 等. 贵阳秋季PM2.5水溶性离子组成特征及来源解析[J]. 环境化学, 2019, 38(3):548-555. XIAO H, XIAO H Y, WU P, et al. Composition and source analysis of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 during autumn in Guiyang[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2019,38(3):548-555(in Chinese).
[6] SAKATA M, ASAKURA K. Atmospheric dry deposition of trace elements at a site on Asian-continent side of Japan[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011, 45(5):1075-1083. [7] TRIPATHEE L, KANG S, HUANG J, et al. Concentrations of trace elements in wet deposition over the central Himalayas, Nepal[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014, 95(1):231-238. [8] SIUDEK P, FRANKOWSKI M, SIEPAK J. Seasonal variations of dissolved organic carbon in precipitation over urban and forest sites in central Poland[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015, 22(14):11087-11096. [9] 李月梅, 潘月鹏, 王跃思, 等. 华北工业城市降水中金属元素污染特征及来源[J]. 环境科学, 2012, 33(11):3712-3717. LI Y M, PAN Y P, WANG Y S, et al. Chemical characteristics and sources of trace metal in precipitation collected from a typical industrial city in Northern China[J]. Environmental Science 2012, 33(11):3712-3717(in Chinese).
[10] 姚利,刘进,潘月鹏,等.北京大气颗粒物和重金属铅干沉降通量及季节变化[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(2):423-428. YAO L, LIU J, PAN Y P, et al. Atmospheric dry deposition fluxes and seasonal variations of particulate matter and lead in urban Beijinga[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(2):423-428(in Chinese).
[11] XING J, SONG J, YUAN H, et al. Atmospheric wet deposition of dissolved trace elements to Jiaozhou Bay, North China:Fluxes, sources and potential effects on aquatic environments[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 174:428-436. [12] FANG G C, HUANG W C, ZHUANG Y J, et al. Wet depositions of mercury during plum rain season in Taiwan[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2018, 40:1601-1607. [13] WANG Q, ZHAO Z, TIAN J, et al. Seasonal transport and dry deposition of black carbon aerosol in the southeastern tibetan plateau[J]. Aerosol Science and Engineering. 2017, 1(4):160-168. [14] 黄强, 宋建中, 彭平安,等. 珠江三角洲大气干沉降金属元素浓度和来源分析[J]. 地球与环境, 2013, 41(5):498-505. HUANG Q, SONG J Z, PENG P A, et al.Concentrations and sources of metal elements of dry deposition in the Pearl River Delta,South China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2013, 41(5):498-505(in Chinese).
[15] 熊秋林, 赵文吉, 郭逍宇, 等. 北京城区冬季降尘微量元素分布特征及来源分析[J]. 环境科学, 2015, 36(8):2735-2742. XIONG Q L, ZHAO W J, GUO X Y, et al. Distribution characteristics and source analysis of dustfall trace elements in winter in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 2015,36(8):2735-2742(in Chinese).
[16] ZHOU H, GREIG A, TANG J, et al. Rare earth element patterns in a Chinese stalagmite controlled by sources and scavenging from karst groundwater[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2012, 83:1-18. [17] ZHOU H Y, WANG Q, ZHAO J X, et al. Rare earth elements and yttrium in a stalagmite from central China and potential paleoclimatic implications[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2008, 270(1-2):128-138. [18] 彭小桃, 陈琼, 赵海霞,等. 北京石花洞地区大气沉降物可溶态稀土元素季节变化特征及来源初步分析[J]. 地球化学, 2017, 46(5):482-487. PENG X T, CHEN Q, ZHAO H X, et al. Seasonal variation characteristics of soluble rare earth elements in the atmospheric deposition at the Shihua Cave, Beijing[J]. Geochemistry, 2017, 46(5):482-487(in Chinese).
[19] MIRZAEI A M, BAALOUSHA M, MOUSAVI R, et al. The ecological risk, source identification, and pollution assessment of heavy metals in road dust:a case study in Rafsanjan, SE Iran[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2017, 25(2):1-14. [20] ALMOMANI I F. Trace elements in atmospheric precipitation at Northern Jordan measured by ICP-MS:Acidity and possible sources[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2003, 37(32):4507-4515. [21] KIM J E, HAN Y J, KIM P R, et al. Factors influencing atmospheric wet deposition of trace elements in rural Korea[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2012, 116(Complete):185-194. [22] ZHANG D, IWASAKA Y. Nitrate and sulfate in individual Asian dust-storm particles in Beijing, China in Spring of 1995 and 1996[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1999, 33(19):3213-3223. [23] LYNAM M M, DYONCH J T, HALL N L, et al. Trace elements and major ions in atmospheric wet and dry deposition across central Illinois, USA[J]. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2015, 8(1):135-147. [24] DYONCH J T, GRANEY J R, KEELER G J, et al. Use of elemental tracers to source apportion mercury in South Florida Precipitation[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1999, 33(24):4522-4527. [25] 汤洁, 韩维峥, 李娜, 等. 哈尔滨市城区大气重金属沉降特征和来源研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2011, 31(11):3087-3091. TANG J, HAN W Z, LI N, et al. Multivariate analysis of heavy metal element concentrations in atmospheric deposition in Harbin city,Northeast China[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2011, 31(11):3087-3091(in Chinese).
[26] 丛源, 陈岳龙, 杨忠芳, 等. 北京平原区元素的大气干湿沉降通量[J]. 地质通报, 2008, 27(2):257-264. CONG Y, CHEN Y L YANG Z F, et al. Dry and wet atmospheric deposition fluxes of elements in the plain area of Beijing municipality,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2008, 27(2):257-264(in Chinese).
[27] 刘东生. 黄土与环境[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1985. LIU D S. Loess and Environment[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1985(in Chinese). [28] 文启忠. 中国黄土地球化学[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1989. WEN Q J. Chinese Yellow Earth Ball Chemistry[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1989(in Chinese). [29] 童晓宁, 周厚云, 游镇烽, 等. 川东北地区元素大气沉降通量及其季节变化[J]. 环境科学, 2014, 35(1):53-59. TONG X N, ZHOU H Y, YOU Z F, et al. The atmospheric fluxs and its seasonal variations of elements in the northeastern Sichuan,central China[J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(1):53-59(in Chinese).
[30] 汤奇峰, 杨忠芳, 张本仁, 等. 成都经济区As等元素大气干湿沉降通量及来源研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2007, 14(3):213-222. TANG Q F, YANG Z F, ZHANG B R, et al. A study of elements flux and sources from atmospheric bulk deposition in the Chengdu Economic Region[J]. Journal of Geosciences, 2007, 14(3):213-222(in Chinese).
[31] PAN Y. Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of trace elements at 10 sites in northern China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions, 2015, 14(2):951-972. [32] 吴辰熙,祁士华,方敏,等.福建省泉州湾大气降尘中的重金属元素的沉降特征[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(6):27-30. WU C X, JI S H, FANG M, et al. Precipitation characteristics of heavy metal elements in dustfall to Quanzhou Bay of Fujian Province[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2006,19(6):27-30(in Chinese).
[33] WU Y, ZHANG J, NI Z, et al. Atmospheric deposition of trace elements to Daya Bay, South China Sea:Fluxes and sources[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018, 127:672-683. [34] CHANCE R, JICKELLS T D, BAKER A R. Atmospheric trace metal concentrations, solubility and deposition fluxes in remote marine air over the south-east Atlantic[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2015, 177:45-56. [35] ZHU J, WANG Q, YU H, et al. Heavy metal deposition through rainfall in Chinese natural terrestrial ecosystems:Evidences from national-scale network monitoring[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 164:128-133 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1378
- HTML全文浏览数: 1378
- PDF下载数: 118
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
