乌鲁木齐市地表灰尘微量元素分布特征及潜在健康风险
Distribution and potential health risk assessment of trace elements in the street dust in Urumqi
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摘要: 从乌鲁木齐市交通区、公园、文教区和居民区采集83个地表灰尘样品，测定其中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等9种微量元素的含量.利用地质累积指数和US EPA健康风险评价模型，对比分析了城市不同功能区地表灰尘中微量元素污染及其潜在健康风险.结果表明，研究区地表灰尘中Hg、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr和Ni等元素平均含量分别为新疆土壤背景值的8.24、3.26、2.09、2.0、1.38、1.35、1.28倍，As和Mn含量平均值未超出新疆土壤背景值；各功能区地表灰尘中微量元素的Igeo均值从高到低排序为：Hg > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cr > Cu > As > Ni > Mn，其中Hg达到中度，Zn、Pb和Cd轻度污染水平.交通区地表灰尘中As、Mn和Ni，公园地表灰尘中Cd，以及文教区地表灰尘中Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn的污染水平略高于其它功能区；各功能区地表灰尘中微量元素通过3种暴露途径的非致癌风险指数（HI）和致癌风险指数（TCR）从大到小依次为：文教区、居民区、交通区、公园，HI和TCR均小于安全阈值范围，均属于可接受风险水平.研究区地表灰尘中As和Cr是主要的非致癌因子，Cr是主要的致癌因子，因此应加强地表灰尘中Cr元素的防范.Abstract: To determine the concentration of nine trace elements, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, a total of 83 street dust samples were collected from the traffic areas, parks, cultural-educational areas, and residential areas in Urumqi. Contamination levels and potential health risks of these trace elements in street dust in the study area were determined based on the Geo-accumulation Index and health risk assessment model introduced by the US EPA. Results showed that the average concentration of Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Ni in the street dust exceeded the corresponding background values determined in Xinjiang soils by factors of 8.24, 3.26, 2.09, 2.0, 1.38, 1.35 and 1.28 times, respectively. Contrarily, the average concentrations of As and Mn were lower than the background values of soil in Xinjiang. For each functional area, the Igeo mean value of the trace element in the street dust was in the following order:Hg > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cr > Cu > As > Ni > Mn. Among them, Hg showed moderate contamination level, while Cd, Pb, and Zn showed slight contamination level. The contamination level of As, Mn, and Ni in the traffic areas, Cd in parks, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in cultural-educational areas were slightly higher than the other functional areas. The non-carcinogenic risk index (HI) and carcinogenic risk index (TCR) of the thtrace element in the street dust of each functional area through three exposure routes were as follow:cultural and educational areas, residential areas, traffic areas, parks. Both HI and TCR were lower than their threshold values, within the limits of the acceptable risk level. As and Cr were the main non-carcinogenic elements and Cr was the main carcinogenic element in the street dust in Urumqi. Therefore, the prevention of Cr element in the street dust should be strengthened.
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Key words:
- street dust /
- trace elements /
- contamination /
- health risk assessment /
- Urumqi
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