江西省市售草鱼重金属含量分析及食用安全性评价
Determination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in commercial Ctenopharyngodon idellus from Jiangxi Province
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摘要: 为探究江西省市售草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）重金属元素蓄积水平及食用安全性，利用原子吸收光谱仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析了草鱼肌肉中的Mg、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb共12种重金属元素的含量.采用营养质量指数法、单项污染指数法、均值型综合污染指数法、目标危害系数法及每周可耐受摄入量对其营养价值、污染程度、健康风险与食用安全性进行评估.结果表明，样品中Mg、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb的含量均低于我国《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》（GB 2762-2017）中的标准.营养质量评价结果显示，草鱼是人体必需元素Mg和Cu的良好食物源.污染程度分析表明，有小部分样品中Zn（3.17%）和As（4.76%）处于微污染水平，As（1.59%）处于轻污染水平，其余重金属均处于无污染水平.健康风险评估结果显示，江西省市售草鱼中重金属对当地居民无明显的健康风险；但As、Zn和Cu对复合重金属目标危害系数的贡献率达到60.85%，是草鱼重金属污染中主要的风险因子；As、Cd和Cr致癌风险处于可接受水平，Pb无致癌风险；食用安全性结果显示，每周实际摄入重金属的量（EWI）占每周可耐受摄入量（PTWI）比值小于10%，表明江西省草鱼食用安全性较高.Abstract: The accumulation levels and health risk assessment of heavy metals (Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb) in muscles of commercial grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) from Jiangxi province, were examined by using atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Index of nutrition quality(INQ), single factor pollution index(Pi), mean comprehensive pollution index(PI), target hazard quotient(THQ) and provisional tolerance weekly intake(PTWI) were used to evaluate the nutritional value, pollution degree, and potential health risks, respectively. The results showed that all the heavy metal concentrations in commercial grass carp were not exceed the maximum levels of contaminants in foods (GB 2762-2017). The INQ results revealed that grass carp were good food sources for essential elements of Mg and Cu. The Pi results demonstrated that the pollution of all the heavy metal in grass carp were at no pollution level (excluding Zn (3.17%) and As (4.76%) in some samples at the level of slight pollution, and As (1.59%) at the level of light pollution). The PI results indicated that grass carp in Jiangxi province was at no pollution level. THQ methods showed that no significant health risk to the local residents was found in heavy metals of grass carp from Jiangxi province, and As, Zn and Cu were considered to be the major risk heavy metals, since the contribution rate of those three elements to the total THQ reached to 60.85%. The carcinogenic risks were acceptable from As, Cd and Cr, and was negligible from Pb. The PTWI results showed that EWI accounted for less than 10% of PTWI, suggesting a high food safety of grass carp from Jiangxi province.
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Key words:
- grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus) /
- heavy metals /
- health risk /
- food safety
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