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有机磷酸酯类物质(OPEs)是一类人造化学物质,根据化学结构中取代基团不同可分为烷基类OPEs、卤代烷基类OPEs和芳香基类OPEs [1]. 由于OPEs具有阻燃性、延展性、耐强酸碱、耐强氧化性等优良特性,逐渐成为多溴联苯醚的替代品[2-3],被广泛用于纤维织物、工程塑料、合成树脂、建筑材料、合成橡胶和电子产品的生产加工[4]. 然而,大部分OPEs具有半挥发性,环境中不易分解,并可以通过长距离传输迁移,在生物体内产生积蓄作用等[5-6],长期暴露会对生物体产生神经毒性、内分泌干扰毒性、生殖毒性和致癌性[7],这对生态环境和人类健康构成较大的潜在风险. 因此,近几年来OPEs一直是环境[8] 、食品[1] 、水生态[9]、人体健康[10]等领域的研究热点之一.
目前,水中OPEs的检测主要采用气相色谱质谱联用法和液相色谱串联质谱法,前处理一般采用固相萃取法(SPE)[8,11]. 由于OPEs的广泛应用[12],分析过程常用的耗材都可能成为检测过程中的污染来源,如试剂、样品瓶、移液枪吸头、SPE小柱及上样管路、离心管、滤膜等. LIANG等[13]对空白水样进行过滤和固相萃取后测得OPEs的总浓度在0.006—0.064 μg·L−1.
我国部分河流湖泊中几种常见OPEs的浓度在4.20×10−3 — 1.75 μg·L-1[14-16],与国外一些主要河流OPEs浓度差异不大[17];国外一些受地表水污染影响的地下水部分OPEs的浓度超过0.10 μg·L-1 [18];国内部分饮用水中常见OPEs的浓度在0.055 — 0.82 μg·L−1 [19]. 有研究显示,部分OPEs在浓度大于0.01 μg·L−1时可能产生生态风险[20]. 综合水环境中OPEs浓度水平、生态风险判定方法及现阶段的仪器灵敏度,利用直接进样法检测OPEs可满足需求. 直接进样法较SPE法过程简单、效率高, 可有效减少污染来源. 尽管如此,检测过程中仍然存在一定的背景污染,如庞龙等[21]研究城市污水处理工艺对OPEs的去除效果时,空白样品中检出了较高浓度的TCEP, TPhP和TCPP(1.5—7.5 μg·L−1);梁钪等[22]检测污水中OPEs时发现常用的滤膜会带来不同程度的污染;秦威振等[7]检测室内灰尘中OPEs时发现LC流动相及管路存在背景污染.
本文通过将检测过程分为仪器检测和前处理两部分,将每部分的各环节进行分解实验,探究检测过程污染来源,并提出相应的降低或消除污染措施对方法进行优化,为提高OPEs检测的准确性和灵敏度提供有效途径;利用优化后的方法检测污水实际样品及加标样品,对方法的准确度和精密度检验,以验证方法的实用性.
直接进样- LC-MS/MS测定水中16种有机磷酸酯类化合物
Simultaneous determination of 16 organophosphates in waters by direct injection LC-MS/MS
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摘要: 本文通过对空白污染消除和样品前处理方法优化,建立了直接进样-高效液相色谱串联质谱测定水中有机磷酸酯类化合物(OPEs)的检测方法. 通过液相色谱流路中安装捕集柱、清洗进样瓶、以玻璃注射器代替移液枪、过滤用PTFE滤膜可以消除相应空白污染;通过水样过滤前加入1倍体积甲醇可以减少滤膜对高脂溶性OPEs的截留,物质回收率提高至80%以上. 方法优化后,16种OPEs标准曲线R2均大于0.995,检出限在1.40×10−3—0.04 μg·L−1. 实验室空白水样低、中、高浓度的物质加标回收率和相对标准偏差(n=6)分别在70.4%—110%和1.8%—15.4%;污水处理厂出水水样的物质加标回收率和相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为70.5%—119%和2.6%—25.8%. 因此,优化的方法具有较高的精密度和准确度,可以满足直接进样法检测OPEs的需求.
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关键词:
- 有机磷酸酯类物质(OPEs) /
- 直接进样 /
- 高效液相色谱串联质谱法 /
- 背景污染消除.
Abstract: A method was developed for simultaneous determination of 16 organophosphates (OPEs) in waters by liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry with direct injection. Sources and solution of whole process blank pollution and the optimization of pretreatment method were studied. Pollutions can be eliminated by installing catcher column, washing sample vials, replacing pipette tip with glass syringe, and using PTFE membrane during the filtration process. In order to decrease the retention of OPEs with high fat solubility on membrane, the same volume of methanol was added to samples before filtering. The results showed that recoveries of OPEs were improved to over 80% using the optimizing method. And the R2 of calibration curve was greater than 0.995, the detection limits of OPEs in water ranged from 1.40×10−3 μg·L−1 to 0.04 μg·L−1. The recoveries and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n=6) for low, medium and high levels spiking blanks ranged from 70.4% to 110% and from 1.8% to 15.4%, respectively. The recoveries of spiking waste water ranged from 70.5% to 119% with RSDs (n=6)of 2.6%—25.8%. All the results above showed that the method is sensitive, accurate and reliable, and it can meet the requirements for the determination of OPEs in water by direct injection.-
Key words:
- organic phosphates(OPEs) /
- direct injection /
- LC-MS/MS /
- eliminating of blank pollution.
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表 1 16种有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂MRM检测条件
Table 1. Optimized mass-spectrometric conditions for determining of 16 OPEs
化合物
Compounds母离子
Parent ion(m/z)子离子
Product ion(m/z)锥孔电压/V
Cone voltage碰撞电压/ eV
Collision voltage对应内标
Internal standardsTMP 141 108.9* 36 14 TnBP-D27 78.9 36 20 TEP 183 98.9* 2 16 155 2 8 TPrP 225.1 98.9* 2 16 140.9 2 10 TiBP 267.2 99* 10 17 155 10 9 TnBP 267.2 99* 25 15 155 25 9 EHDPP 363.1 77* 18 42 251 18 18 TBEP 399.1 199* 2 14 299.1 2 12 TEHP 435.3 98.9* 38 30 323.2 38 6 TCEP 286.9 98.9* 30 25 TCPP-D18 160.9 30 16 TCPP 327 99* 30 24 175 30 11 TDCP 430.8 99* 16 26 209 16 15 TDBPP 698.7 99* 30 24 298.8 30 17 TTBNP 1018.5 65.1* 58 51 145 58 37 TPhP 327 152* 28 36 TPhP-D15 77 28 36 TCrP 369 165* 30 45 91 30 35 CDP 341 152* 30 37 91 30 37 TnBP-D27 294.3 101.9* 16 18 166.1 16 12 TCPP-D18 347.1 101.9* 10 20 183.1 10 12 TPhP-D15 342.2 81.8* 40 42 159.8 40 38 表 2 16种有机磷酸酯类化合物的水溶解性数据
Table 2. Water Solubility of 16 OPEs
化合物
CompoundsCAS 分子量
Molecular weight水溶解度/(g·L−1)
Water solubility水溶解度/(mol·L−1)a
Water solubilityTMP 512-56-1 140.1 500 3.57 TEP 78-40-0 182.2 496 2.72 TPrP 513-08-6 224.2 6.46 2.88×10−2 TiBP 126-71-6 266.3 1.62×10−2 6.09×10−5 TnBP 126-73-8 266.3 0.28 1.05×10−3 EHDPP 1241-94-7 362.4 1.90×10−3 5.25×10−6 TBEP 78-51-3 398.5 1.10 2.76×10−3 TEHP 78-42-2 434.6 2.06×10−3 4.75×10−6 TCEP 115-96-8 285.5 6.99 2.45×10−2 TCPP 13674-84-5 327.6 1.20 3.65×10−3 TDCP 13674-87-8 430.9 6.98×10−3 1.62×10−5 TDBPP 126-72-7 697.6 8.02×10−3 1.15×10−5 TTBNP 19186-97-1 1018.5 4.50×10−4 4.42×10−7 TPhP 115-86-6 326.3 1.91×10−3 5.86×10−6 TCrP 1330-78-5 368.4 2.17×10−4 5.88×10−7 CDP 26444-49-5 340.3 1.15×10−3 3.38×10−6 a 数据来自US EPA. 表 3 不同品牌空白样品瓶检测结果
Table 3. Test results of different brand of blank sample vials
化合物
Compounds浓度/(μg·L−1)
Concentrations样品瓶A
Sample vial A样品瓶B
Sample vial B样品瓶C
Sample vial C样品瓶D
Sample vial DTEP 1.74×10−2 — — 1.10×10−2 TiBP 5.65×10−2 0.106 8.00×10−3 1.23×10−2 TnBP 1.33×10−2 0.108 5.50×10−3 — TCEP 3.94×10−2 0.185 2.22×10−2 1.75×10−2 TCPP 0.118 9.93×10−2 7.40×10−3 2.01×10−2 TDCP 1.85×10−2 0.203 1.22×10−2 4.00×10−2 表 4 优化前不同浓度范围内标准曲线的相关系数
Table 4. Results of standard curve before optimization
化合物
Compounds0.050—10.0 μg·L−1 0.10—10.0 μg·L−1 0.50—50.0 μg·L−1 1.00—50.0 μg·L−1 5.00—50.0 μg·L−1 TMP 0.998 — — — — TEP 0.999 — — — — TPrP 0.999 — — — — TnBP 0.998 — — — — TCrP 0.999 — — — — TEHP 0.999 — — — — CDP 0.998 — — — — EHDPP 0.999 — — — — TDBPP 0.998 — — — — TTBNP — 0.999 — — — TBEP 0.977 0.996 — — — TiBP 0.959 0.989 0.997 — — TCEP 0.944 0.968 0.998 — — TPhP 0.967 0.994 0.997 — — TCPP 0.379 0.762 0.972 0.982 0.990 TDCP 0.104 0.423 0.920 0.962 0.990 表 5 方法优化后标准曲线结果
Table 5. Results of standard curve after optimization
化合物
Compounds线性范围/(μg·L−1)
Linear range线性方程
Linear equation相关系数
Correlation coefficient
(R2)检出限/(μg·L−1)
Detection limitTMP 0.050—10.0 y=0.314 x + 3.10×10−4 0.999 3.99×10−2 TEP 0.020—10.0 y= 0.448 x + 5.33×10−4 0.999 3.50×10−3 TPrP 0.020—10.0 y= 0.486x + 4.81×10−4 0.999 4.30×10−3 TiBP 0.020—10.0 y= 0.264x + 8.95×10−4 0.999 3.60×10−3 TnBP 0.020—10.0 y= 0.406x + 5.05×10−4 0.999 2.70×10−3 TCEP 0.020—10.0 y= 0.138x + 4.54×10−4 0.997 1.50×10−2 TPhP 0.020—10.0 y= 0.996x + 5.69×10−3 0.999 3.50×10−3 TCPP 0.020—10.0 y= 7.25x + 3.62×10−2 0.999 1.40×10−3 CDP 0.050—10.0 y= 0.239x + 6.69×10−4 0.999 1.59×10−2 EHDPP 0.050—10.0 y= 0.123x − 1.35×10−5 0.998 1.40×10−2 TCrP 0.020—10.0 y= 0.946x + 2.96×10−4 0.999 1.44×10−2 TBEP 0.020—10.0 y= 7.33×10−2x + 5.55×10−5 0.999 4.10×10−3 TDCP 0.050—10.0 y= 9.20×10−2x − 2.14×10−5 0.998 2.81×10−2 TEHP 0.020—10.0 y= 8.65×10−2x + 4.38×10−4 0.999 1.60×10−3 TDBPP 0.050—10.0 y= 4.38×10−2x − 4.70×10−4 0.995 2.94×10−2 TTBNP 0.10—10.0 y= 4.83×10−3x + 7.93×10−6 0.996 3.09×10−2 表 6 水样中16种OPEs的回收率和精密度(n=6)
Table 6. Recoveries and RSD of 16 OPEs in water samples(n=6)
化合物
Compounds低浓度 中浓度 高浓度 回收率/%
RecoveryRSD/% 回收率/%
RecoveryRSD/% 回收率/%
RecoveryRSD/% TMP 90.6 3.8 88.7 3.1 86.7 4.0 TEP 91.5 3.6 84.6 2.6 83.9 3.4 TPrP 94.0 1.9 98.3 2.2 95.3 3.6 TiBP 92.1 2.5 105 2.0 101 3.7 TnBP 92.1 1.8 108 3.7 105 3.4 TCEP 91.5 3.4 86.2 2.6 96.2 3.6 TCPP 91.2 2.1 110 1.9 102 3.2 TPhP 88.5 4.7 104 2.2 100 3.0 TCrP 82.7 5.9 102 3.9 97.1 3.2 TBEP 95.6 4.3 110 2.8 107 2.9 TDCP 110 8.7 85.3 3.6 91.7 3.0 TEHP 85.1 4.8 72.7 2.6 70.4 3.5 CDP 89.5 15.4 110 4.1 102 3.0 EHDPP 84.5 7.2 102 3.8 96.9 3.3 TDBPP 92.1 2.5 72.2 2.6 82.7 2.2 TTBNP 86.3 8.7 83.1 3.7 92.9 5.7 表 7 实际样品及加标样品准确度和精密度
Table 7. Accuracy and precision of water samples and spiked samples
化合物
Compounds样品1
Sample 1样品2
Sample 2样品3
Sample 3本底浓度/
(μg·L−1)加标回收率/% RSD/% 本底浓度/
(μg·L−1)加标回收率/% RSD/% 本底浓度
(μg·L−1)加标回收率/% RSD/% TMP 0.098 85.9 6.0 0.044 99.6 11.6 0.082 98.0 9.8 TEP 0.119 99.4 12.0 0.092 106 12.9 0.068 103 9.0 TPrP ND 118 3.2 ND 118 3.1 ND 119 3.1 TiBP 0.186 91.1 18.7 0.082 103 20.2 0.028 99.8 14.9 TnBP 0.026 89.8 2.6 0.014 107 5.1 0.074 105 3.4 TCEP 0.238 97.4 14.9 0.156 96.1 20.1 0.185 94.8 16.4 TPhP 0.072 75.5 10.7 0.011 100 5.1 0.011 98.5 5.6 TCPP 0.023 86.0 4.3 0.044 108 15.1 0.043 109 6.7 CDP 0.05 101 2.8 0.02 82.3 10.4 ND 90.8 12.4 EHDPP ND 79.0 8.2 0.016 87.0 10.6 0.019 91.2 12.8 TCrP 0.02 79.4 12.0 ND 103 5.0 ND 101 4.5 TBEP 0.026 81.1 9.8 ND 113 4.2 ND 111 4.0 TDCP ND 80.8 4.2 0.059 110 14.5 0.054 104 8.6 TEHP ND 106 5.2 ND 82.5 16.5 ND 70.5 25.8 TDBPP ND 94.0 9.5 ND 91.1 11.3 ND 91.8 6.2 TTBNP ND 95.9 9.2 ND 101 11.1 ND 94.6 15.0 -
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