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Cu2O是一种p型半导体,理论直接带隙为2.1 eV[1],具有较强的催化活性,高导热性,出色的抗菌活性. 近年来,Cu2O纳米粒子及其复合材料在气敏、太阳能电池、抗菌剂、催化、吸附等领域广泛应用[2-6]. Mao等用Cu2O掺杂其他金属吸附去除水中的碘化物 [7];Liu等制成Cu2O/活性炭纤维复合材料,Cu2O在其中发挥协同吸附光催化去除甲基橙的作用[8]. 上述实例均采用溶剂热法制得Cu2O,其他常用合成方法,如恒电位沉积、微波合成、液相合成、晶种法合成和微乳液,需使用苛刻且昂贵的化学药品,并不具有生物相容性或产生二次污染.
绿色合成能有效打破上述局限,利用生物提取物和生物废料来绿色合成各纳米颗粒,如使用皂甙、多酚、萜类化合物和碳水化合物已被不少文献报道[9-11]. Xiao等利用茶多酚合成纳米铁颗粒选择性去除阳离子染料[12],田利强等用黑茶绿色合成零价铁纳米颗粒[13]. Gopalakrishnan等以斐林试剂为前驱体与羽芒菊叶提取物合成了了六方和立方形的Cu2O[14]. 椰枣果肉的提取物在水性介质中可作为形成Cu2O的还原剂[11]. 研究发现合成的无规则Cu2O纳米颗粒对于污水中砷(Ⅲ)离子等污染物的吸收效果特别优异. Qin等研究表明稳定剂的存在能提升去污材料的稳定性和去污率[15-16],但Cu2O纳米颗粒由于其尺寸较小,易于团聚不利于回收重复利用,因此需要选择合适的载体进行固定. 无机纳米颗粒在纤维素基质中的吸附是目前研究的热点. Errokh等室温下在pH为10的水溶液中分别使用羟胺和肼作为还原剂,在棉织物上获得了晶粒尺寸分别为30 nm和45 nm的Cu2O[17]. Sedighi等在棉织物上合成了Cu2O,NaOH和氨作还原剂,40 ℃ 的温度下得到Cu2O微晶尺寸为21 nm[18]. Svetlichnyi等通过脉冲激光烧蚀制备Cu2O纳米粒子[19],反复浸渍得到纳米Cu2O/织物复合材料.
本文利用水浸法提取无毒绿色的茶多酚作为还原剂及稳定剂,在不使用强碱条件下,通过沉积法获得氧化亚铜/无纺布(Cu2O/Non-woven fabrics,Cu2O/NF)复合材料,符合清洁生产理念,减少了对环境的潜在有害影响. 通过XRD、EDS、SEM等对样品进行表征,分析复合材料结构和成分特征的变化. 此外,制备的Cu2O/NF对阴离子染料表现出独特的选择性去除能力. 通过对复合材料的动力学、热力学模型进行测试,探讨可能的选择性吸附机理,有助于促进绿色合成技术在废水处理中的实际应用.
绿色合成氧化亚铜/无纺布选择性去除阴离子染料
Green synthesis of Cu2O/non-woven fabrics for selective removal of anionic dyes
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摘要: 以茶多酚为还原剂绿色合成氧化亚铜/无纺布复合材料,应用于染料的选择性去除. 通过XRD、EDS、SEM、FTIR、BET、XPS等对复合材料进行表征分析,结果表明,Cu2O颗粒呈较为规则的球形并均匀地分布于无纺布上;该复合材料对阴离子染料(金橙Ⅱ、刚果红、甲基橙)有良好的选择去除效果;其中,氧化亚铜/无纺布对金橙Ⅱ的去除率可达96.26%,去除过程符合伪二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型;复合材料在3次循环去除染料后,去除率仍保持在75.41%,稳定性较高且能实现快捷回收.Abstract: The composite materials of Cu2O/non-woven fabrics (Cu2O/NF) were green synthesized by using tea polyphenol as the reducing agent, and utilized for selective removal of dyes. The morphological and structural properties of Cu2O/NF were analyzed with XRD, EDS, SEM, FTIR, BET and XPS, and found that Cu2O particles were somewhat ordered spherical shaped and evenly distributed on the non-woven fabrics. The Cu2O/NF presented good capacity of selective removal towards anionic dyes such as OrangeⅡ, Congo Red and Methyl Orange. Amongst the removal rate of Orange Ⅱ reached 96.26%. The removal processes were well fitted as pseudo second-order dynamic and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. Furthermore, the removal rate remained at 75.41% after three cycled use, suggesting good stability and reusability of the prepared Cu2O/NF.
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Key words:
- green synthesis /
- tea polyphenols /
- Cu2O /
- non-woven fabrics /
- selective removal.
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表 1 茶多酚含量测定正交实验
Table 1. Orthogonal experiment of tea polyphenols content determination
实验号
NumberA温度/℃
A TemperatureB时间/min
B TimeC提取次数
C Extraction timesD固液比(g∙mL−1)
D Solid-liquid ratio浸提率/%
Extraction rate1 1(60℃) 1(40) 1(1) 1(1:20) 18.37% 2 1 2(50) 2(2) 2(1:25) 24.15% 3 1 3(60) 3(3) 3(1:30) 21.55% 4 2(70 ℃) 1 2 3 20.62% 5 2 2 3 1 19.54% 6 2 3 1 2 21.45% 7 3(80 ℃) 1 3 2 24.32% 8 3 2 1 3 21.48% 9 3 3 2 1 23.58% K1 64.23 63.55 61.85 61.46 K2 61.88 65.17 68.49 70.23 K3 69.54 67.19 65.26 64.12 R 7.53 3.39 6.49 8.87 影响度 D>A>C>B 最优方案 A3B3C2D2 表 2 Cu2O/NF吸附染料动力学参数表
Table 2. Kinetic parameters of Cu2O/NF removing dyes
染料
Dyes平衡吸附量/(mg∙g−1)
qe,exp伪一级动力学
Pseudo second-order kinetic model伪二级动力学
Pseudo second-order kinetic modelK1/min−1 相关系数R2 K2/min−1 相关系数R2 Orange Ⅱ 77 0.0213 0.9756 0.00321 0.9963 CR 76 0.0310 0.9421 0.00333 0.9921 MO 40 0.0230 0.8473 0.00383 0.9836 表 3 Cu2O/NF吸附染料Langmuir和Freundlich相关参数
Table 3. Langmuir and Freundlich parameters of Cu2O/NF removing dyes
染料
DyesLangmuir Freundlich qe,exp/(mg∙g−1) KL/(L∙mg−1) R2 KF 1/n R2 Orange Ⅱ 158 1.2770 0.9905 80.6702 0.3630 0.9129 CR 104 3.0000 0.9914 71.4934 0.2111 0.8820 MO 40 17.1242 0.9824 31.8179 0.1850 0.8355 -
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