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多相催化臭氧氧化技术是一种新型的在常温常压下将那些难以用臭氧单独氧化的有机污染物降解的方法 [1-3]. 一直以来,高效、廉价和稳定的催化剂研制是催化臭氧氧化技术应用的关键. 大量的金属氧化物或复合金属氧化物被合成用于有效的催化臭氧氧化水中的有机物,但存在比表面积小,活性组分价格昂贵等情况[4-6]. 由于不同催化剂的性质差异较大,催化臭氧氧化的机理也不尽相同,目前多相催化臭氧氧化技术尚未大规模应用[7].
根据报道,Al2O3催化剂上的Lewis酸性位是促进臭氧有效分解的活性位点,在气态条件下,臭氧在Al2O3表面分解为活性原子氧,但Al2O3的比表面积有限[8-9]. 铁具有多价态,在自然界广泛存在,有利于臭氧有效分解[10]. 本研究通过水热法合成SBA-15作为载体,将铁、铝双金属负载于SBA-15表面制备Fe-Al2O3/SBA-15催化剂,用于催化臭氧氧化水中医药污染物布洛芬的研究,通过不同初始pH对催化反应的影响和电子自旋共振实验,研究催化反应机理. 布洛芬(IBU)是一种抗炎药,估计全球年产量为数千吨,在地表水和废水中检测到的浓度范围为ng·L−1至低μg·L−1水平,IBU是一种持久性污染物,一些研究人员认为,IBU可能会改变淡水环境中无尾类动物的胚胎发育. 因此,选择IBU来评价催化剂的活性和性能[11].
Fe-Al2O3/SBA-15催化臭氧氧化水中布洛芬
Catalytic ozonation of ibuprofen by Fe-Al2O3/SBA-15 in water
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摘要: 以嵌段共聚物为模板剂,在酸性条件下水热合成SBA-15. 将铁、铝负载于SBA-15表面制备Fe-Al2O3/SBA-15介孔分子筛催化剂,并将其用于催化臭氧氧化水中布洛芬(IBU). 透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附表征结果表明,铁、铝均匀负载于SBA-15表面,保持SBA-15有序的介孔结构,具有较大的比表面积. 不同催化剂活性评价结果表明,铁、铝的负载显著提高SBA-15催化臭氧氧化水中布洛芬的活性,反应60 min后,Fe-Al2O3/SBA-15的TOC去除率为90%,而Al2O3/SBA-15、Fe/SBA-15和SBA-15的TOC去除率分别为65%、50%和36%,单独臭氧氧化仅为26%. 实验结果表明,铁、铝的协同作用有利于臭氧分解为羟基自由基、超氧自由基和活性原子氧,布洛芬和小分子有机酸吸附于催化剂表面从而有利于有机物的矿化. 催化剂重复利用6次后仍保持较高的催化活性和稳定性.
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关键词:
- Fe-Al2O3/SBA-15 /
- 催化臭氧氧化 /
- 布洛芬 /
- 活性氧.
Abstract: SBA-15 was synthesized hydrothermally in acidic conditions using block copolymer as template. Fe-Al2O3/SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst was prepared by loading iron and aluminum on the surface of SBA-15, and it was used for catalytic ozonation of ibuprofen in water. The characterization results of transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption desorption showed that iron and aluminum were uniformly loaded on the surface of SBA-15, maintaining the ordered mesoporous structure of SBA-15, and having a large specific surface area. The activity evaluation results of different catalysts showed that the loading of iron and aluminum significantly improved the catalytic activity of SBA-15 for ozonation of ibuprofen in water, and iron and aluminum had a synergistic effect. After 60 min of reaction, the TOC removal rate of Fe-Al2O3/SBA-15 was 90%, while that of Al2O3/SBA-15, Fe/SBA-15 and SBA-15 were 65%, 50% and 36%, respectively, and that of ozonation alone was only 26%. The experimental results showed that the synergistic effect of iron and aluminum was beneficial to the decomposition of ozone into hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals and active atomic oxygen. Ibuprofen and small molecule organic acid were adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst, which was conducive to the mineralization of organic matter. The catalyst remains high catalytic activity and stability after being reused for 6 times.-
Key words:
- Fe-Al2O3/SBA-15 /
- catalytic ozonation /
- ibuprofen /
- active oxygen.
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表 1 不同催化剂的比表面、孔径、孔容和孔壁
Table 1. Surface area, pore diameter, pore volume and pore wall of different catalysts
催化剂
Catalyst硅铝物质的量比
Si/Al ratio铁含量/% wt
Fe content比表面积/ (m2·g−1)
S BET孔径/ nm
Pore diameter孔容/(cm3 g−1)
Pore volume孔壁/ nm
Pore wallSBA-15 — — 726.8 6.34 1.12 4.33 Fe/SBA-15 — 12% 564.1 6.29 0.91 4.46 Al2O3/SBA-15 3 — 424.2 6.01 0.56 4.90 Fe-Al2O3/SBA-15 3 12% 359.1 5.36 0.43 4.98 -
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