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磁性纳米铁具有特殊的物理化学性质,随着纳米科学技术的快速发展,磁性纳米铁已成功应用于催化、生物技术、生物医药、磁共振成像、数据存储、生物传感器、环境污染物去除等广泛领域[1],但与此同时,此种材料所带来的潜在环境危害也有所增加[2]. 磁性纳米铁除了被用于土壤污染物去除(例如去除土壤中的重金属离子、有机污染物、无机污染物)时进入土壤,还会在生产与废弃过程中通过各种途径以“三废”的形式在土壤中积累[3].
土壤为陆生生物提供生活所必需的矿质元素和水分,是生态系统中物质与能量交换的重要场所;同时也是生态系统中生物部分和无机环境部分相互作用的产物[4]. 磁性纳米铁在土壤中的积累除了会对土壤理化性质、酶活性和温室气体排出造成影响,还会影响到土壤微生物群落的结构、功能和代谢,从而影响到整个土壤生态系统[5]. 本研究以此为出发点,总结了磁性纳米铁(以四氧化三铁磁性纳米颗粒(Fe3O4-NPs)、三氧化二铁磁性纳米颗粒(Fe2O3-NPs)和纳米零价铁(nZVI-NPs)为主)在土壤中积累所带来影响的相关研究,以期为合理利用磁性纳米铁修复土壤污染的同时尽可能减少对土壤以及微生物的危害提供理论依据.
磁性纳米铁对土壤理化性质及微生物群落和代谢的影响研究进展
Effects of magnetic nano - iron on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community and metabolism
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摘要: 近年来,磁性纳米铁因其独特性能在生物医学、农业、工业、生命科学及环境保护领域广泛应用. 随着磁性纳米铁的大范围应用,其对环境和人体健康将带来的潜在影响,已经引起科学界的广泛关注. 本文系统总结了近年来磁性纳米铁的相关文献资料,探讨了磁性纳米铁的合成方法、表征及环境应用;我们重点强调了磁性纳米铁对土壤理化性质及微生物群落和代谢的潜在影响. 最后展望了磁性纳米铁在未来的环境应用、发展及纳米毒理学亟待研究的重要问题. 本文旨在更加全面地揭示磁性纳米铁的环境可持续性,为其安全使用和环境功能化应用提供一定的参考.Abstract: In recent years, magnetic nano-iron has been widely used in biomedicine, agriculture, industry, life science and environmental protection due to its unique properties. With the wide application of magnetic nano-iron, their potential impact on the environment and human health has attracted wide attention from the scientific community. In this paper, we systematically summarized the relevant literature of magnetic nano- iron in recent years, and also discussed the synthesis method, characterization and environmental application of magnetic iron nanoparticles. We highlight the potential effects of magnetic nano-iron on the soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities and metabolism. Finally, we prospect the important problems about the environmental application, development and nanotoxicology of magnetic nano-iron in the future . This paper aims to comprehensively reveal the environmental sustainability of magnetic nano-iron, and provide some references for its safe use and environmental functional applications.
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Key words:
- smagnetic-nano iron /
- soil /
- environmental implication /
- microbiological population /
- metabolism.
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表 1 绿色合成的磁性纳米铁去除重金属的应用
Table 1. Application of green synthetic magnetic iron nanoparticles for removal of heavy metals
磁性纳米铁种类
Magnetic nano iron species去除金属种类
Removing metal type去除效率
Removal efficiency参考文献
References纳米零价铁 六价铬 90 min 99.45% Huang et al. (2017)[29] 四氧化三铁纳米颗粒 钙和镉 120 min 钙55%, 镉40% Sebastian et al.(2018)[30] 铁纳米颗粒 六价铬 90 min 99.29% Wei et al. (2017)[31] 纳米零价铁、 氧化铁纳米颗粒 六价铬 35 min 98.9% Jin et al. (2017)[32] 氧化铁纳米颗粒 镉 90 min 90.0% Ehrampoush et al.(2015)[33] 纳米零价铁 六价铬 90 min 89.9% Qiu et al. (2017)[34] -
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