污水土地处理系统流态影响因素及优化
Effect and optimization on hydrodynamic characteristics in wastewater land treatment
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摘要: 在污水土地处理系统的反应器模型中进行流态实验，使用正交分析理论及停留时间分布(RTD)分析理论，探索管网、集水层和承托层对反应器体积效率及推流的影响，并对反应器构造进行优化。使用正交实验分析发现，各因素对体积效率的影响程度顺序为：承托层>集水层>管网，管网与承托层的影响有明显的交互作用；集水层对推流有影响，并且管网与集水层有很显著的交互作用。使用RTD分析各因素交互作用发现，采用全网布水与集水时，集水层及承托层对流态的影响都不大。管网布设为过水断面的一半（半网）时，集水层的集水作用及承托层的布水作用可以增加反应器体积效率。“半网-有集水层-有承托层”的体积效率最高，流态最接近推流形式，其无因次平均停留时间为1.093，轴向扩散系数为0.037，属于低扩散程度。Abstract: Hydrodynamic characteristics experiment was carried out in the reactor model of wastewater land treatment system. The orthogonal analysis and the theory of residence time distribution were used to study the effect of pipeline， water-layer and bear-layer on the efficiency of volume and plug flow， and to optimize the structure of the reactor. The orthogonal analysis shows that the impact on the efficiency of volume follows bear-layer>water-layer>pipeline and there is obvious interaction between pipeline and bear-layer. Water-layer has an effect on plug flow， and there is great interaction between pipeline and water-layer. The residence time distribution theory shows that water-layer and bear-layer has little effect on hydrodynamic characteristics when the pipeline is fully distributed. When the water cross-section is half of the pipeline（half distributed）， water-layer and bear-layer has the function of collecting and distributing water， which could increase the efficiency of volume. So the volume efficiency of “half distribution pipeline-water layer-bear-layer“is the highest， and hydrodynamic characteristics is the nearest to plug flow. The dimensionless mean residence time is 1.093， the dispersion degree of 0.037 is low.
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