太湖湖滨带的缓冲效果
Buffering effect of riparian zone of Taihu Lake
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摘要: 在以农田-防护林-鱼塘为主的农业缓冲带-宜兴周铁太湖湖滨带内,比较和分析了不同降水时期和不同鱼塘排水时期湖滨带的缓冲效果。结果显示湖滨带的主要污染物是有机污染物、TN和Chla,尤其是有机污染物;TP污染相对较轻,NH4+-N和BOD5污染很少。太湖湖滨带对N、P、COD等指标均有一定的缓冲效果,但对不同指标的缓冲能力不同,其中对N的缓冲效果更为明显。除COD外,湖滨带出水口基本可以达到IV类水水平。同时,强降雨导致大量污染物进入水体,导致水体污染物输出浓度显著增高,最为突出的是TN、TP和有机污染物。在垂直于太湖段,除NO3--N和NO2--N浓度略微下降外,其他水质指标均呈上升趋势。因此,该湖滨带的缓冲能力不足以净化来自地表和鱼塘的污染物质。在平行于太湖段,除NO3--N和NO2--N浓度逐步增高外,其他水质指标均呈下降趋势,说明包括河流在内的整个湖滨带的缓冲能力较高,净化作用大于湖滨带纳入的污染物质,缓冲效果好。鱼塘排水对水体的影响非常明显,这种影响大概可以持续2周左右。通过对不同时期的采样结果进行显著性分析,发现COD差异性不显著,且含量高,即有机污染物在各时期都是主要污染物。在鱼塘放水时期(已进入冬季),各指标下的采样点之间均不显著,湖滨带的缓冲作用较低。Abstract: In the agricultural riparian zone of Taihu Lake in Zhoutie, Yixing, which was made up of farmland, shelter forest, and fish pond, we analyzed the buffering effect of the riparian zone during the different rainfall and fishpond discharging periods. It shows that the main pollutants were organic pollutants, TN and Chla (especially organic pollutants), while TP was relatively light, and NH4+-N and BOD5 very little. The riparian zone of Taihu Lake could buffer the water quality such as N, P and organic pollutants. Howerver, it had different buffering effects to different indexes and the buffering effect on N was more obvious. The outlet of the buffering zone could achieve the Class IV except COD. The heavy rain caused a lot of pollutants into the water, leading to the pollutant concentration of the output increased highly with TN, TP and organic pollutants the most obviously. In the vertical section of Taihu Lake, the other water quality indexes showed ascendant trends except that the concentration of NO3--N and NO2--N slightly decreased. The buffering capacity of this section could not purify the pollutant from the land surface and fish ponds. In the parallel section of Taihu Lake, the other water quality indexes showed decline trends except that the concentration of NO3--N and NO2--N increased step by step. The buffering capacity of this section was high enough to purify the external pollutants. Fishpond discharging influenced the water quality apparently and it could last two weeks. The significant analysis during different periods shows that the difference of COD was not significant and the concentration of COD was high, indicating that the organic pollutants were the main pollutants in each period. In the fishpond discharging period (in the winter), the difference of each sampling sites with different indexes were not significant, and the buffering action of the lakeside was low.
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Key words:
- agricultural buffering zone /
- buffering effect /
- rainy season /
- fishpond drainage
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