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2019年末暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎敲响公共与个人卫生安全的警钟。研究者在新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的粪便样本中分离出活性新型冠状病毒[1]。因此,有必要对公共场所、公共设施及水(包括饮用水、污水及医疗废水等)进行消毒处理,以阻断疫病的进一步传播,保护人员健康并保障水质与水环境安全。
常用的消毒工艺有加氯消毒、紫外线消毒、二氧化氯消毒和臭氧消毒等。电解法现场制次氯酸钠消毒属于一种氯消毒方式。该方法安全可靠,已被广泛用于水处理和卫生消毒中。另外,电化学消毒作为一种新型消毒技术,近年来也受到较多关注。该技术已在一些现场应急处理处置中发挥作用。本研究针对电解法制备次氯酸钠与电化学消毒技术,从原理、特点、使用方法和发展前景等方面进行了介绍与分析,为相关消毒技术的实际应用提供参考。
电解法用于消毒的原理、技术特点与主要应用方式:电产次氯酸钠及电化学消毒
Principle, technical characteristics and main applications of electrolysis for disinfection: Electrochemical generation of sodium hypochlorite and electrochemical disinfection
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摘要: 电解法是利用电能实现氧化还原反应的方法,其应用于消毒通常有电产次氯酸钠消毒剂和电化学消毒2种方式。为深入了解电产次氯酸钠及电化学消毒技术机理,进一步探讨电解法在水处理和公共环境卫生消毒领域的应用,从消毒原理、技术特点、使用方法和消毒应用方面,对电解法制备次氯酸钠与电化学消毒水处理技术进行了介绍与分析,并提出了目前存在的问题和技术发展前景,为该技术的实际应用提供参考。Abstract: Electrolysis is a method that uses electrical energy to achieve a redox reaction. There are two ways for the application of electrolysis in disinfection, i.e., on-site electrochemical generation of sodium hypochlorite disinfectant and electrochemical disinfection. To deeply understand the mechanism of electrochemical generation of sodium hypochlorite and electrochemical disinfection process, and further discuss the applications of electrolysis in water treatment and public environmental sanitation, the disinfection principle, technical characteristics, usage, and disinfection applications were discussed. The current problems and technical development prospects were also proposed. The present study will provide a reference for the practical applications of electrolysis technology in water treatment.
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Key words:
- electrolysis /
- sodium hypochlorite /
- electrochemical disinfection
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