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煤炭、建材、水泥、电力等行业产生的大量粉尘颗粒物,会威胁人群健康[1],可采用除尘装置收集环境中的粉尘颗粒物。滤筒除尘器具有除尘效率高、阻力适中、过滤面积大、价格低、占地面积小等优点,在除尘领域得到了广泛的应用[2]。滤筒清灰是除尘器运行的关键环节,清灰效果的好坏直接影响到除尘器的稳定运行[3-4]。目前,清灰技术应用最广泛的是脉冲气流反向喷吹[5]。但是,在脉冲清灰过程中,喷吹气流在滤筒侧壁分布不均匀,主要表现为滤筒上部清灰作用不足[6-7]。
国内外学者针对滤筒脉冲清灰性能的优化已开展了诸多研究。在脉冲喷嘴改进方面,刘东等[8]对不同锥度上部开口的散射器的侧壁压力峰值的分布规律进行了研究,考察了喷吹压力和喷吹距离对清灰效果的影响,发现上部开口散射器能有效解决上部清灰不足、下部清灰过度的问题。胥海伦等[9]采用数值模拟对开口散射器下的脉冲喷吹滤筒清灰气流流场进行了研究,发现安装上部开孔锥形散射器可提高滤筒脉冲清灰的均匀性,有利于解决滤筒下部滤料破损的问题。张情等[10]采用数值模拟的方法对诱导喷嘴下滤筒(外径×高度:325 mm×660 mm)的内部流场进行了研究,分析了滤筒内部流场变化规律和侧壁压力峰值的分布,发现诱导喷嘴使得滤筒内部喷吹压力更均匀,进而改善了清灰效果。巨敏等[11]采用普通喷嘴和诱导喷嘴对滤筒(外径×高度:325 mm×660 mm)脉冲清灰开展了研究,通过对比滤筒侧壁压力峰值和粉尘脱落的动态过程,发现采用诱导喷嘴可改善滤筒内部气流流场,从而提高清灰效率。
在滤筒结构优化方面,LI等[12]在滤筒内部安装了圆锥体,证明其有利于增加滤筒侧壁压力,并可改善清灰均匀性。杨燕霞等[2]研究了金锥滤筒(内置锥形过滤面的滤筒)的脉冲清灰性能,揭示了金锥滤筒对脉冲清灰性能的影响机制。张亚蕊等[13]利用Fluent数值模拟研究了内置锥形体滤筒的过滤与清灰性能,对比了普通滤筒和内置锥形体滤筒的速度云图、压力云图的规律后发现,内置锥形体滤筒的清灰效果有明显改善。
滤筒的清灰效果仍存在改进空间,而同时优化喷嘴和滤筒以提高脉喷清灰性能的研究尚未见报道。本研究中,通过构建CFD数值模型对比了普通喷嘴与扩散喷嘴、普通滤筒与金锥滤筒条件下滤筒内喷吹气流压力的时空演变,分析了各个测点压力的变化规律,并考察不同喷吹距离对滤筒脉冲喷吹强度和均匀性的影响,从而探究扩散喷嘴和金锥滤筒组合条件下的脉喷清灰性能,以期为滤筒除尘器脉喷清灰性能的优化提供参考。
扩散喷嘴改善金锥滤筒脉喷清灰性能的数值模拟
Numerical simulation of improving the ash removal performance of gold cone filter cartridge by using diffusion nozzle
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摘要: 以滤筒除尘器为研究对象,考察了扩散喷嘴和金锥滤筒组合条件下的脉冲喷吹清灰性能,通过构建CFD数值模型对喷吹性能进行了模拟。结果表明:金锥滤筒比普通滤筒内蓄积的压力更大,在喷吹距离250 mm时普通喷嘴条件下金锥滤筒内的喷吹强度是普通滤筒的1.42倍,而扩散喷嘴条件下则为1.66倍;与普通喷嘴相比,扩散喷嘴主要通过提高滤筒上部区域的的压力实现喷吹均匀性的改善;扩散喷嘴和金锥滤筒的组合对于提高滤筒上部喷吹压力具有协同作用,特别当金锥伸入扩散喷嘴20~40 mm时,脉喷强度相比普通喷嘴与普通滤筒组合时最大提升了2.3倍。本实验结果可为脉喷清灰滤筒除尘器的优化提供参考。Abstract: Based on a cartridge filter, the performance of pulse injection under the combination of diffusion nozzle and gold cone filter was simulated by constructing CFD numerical model. Results show that the accumulated pressure in the gold cone filter was greater than that in the ordinary filter. When the injection distance was 250 mm, the injection intensity in the gold cone filter cartridge was 1.42 times of that in the ordinary filter cartridge under the condition of ordinary nozzle, in contrast to 1.66 times under the condition of diffusion nozzle. Compared with the common nozzle, the diffusion nozzle mainly improved the injection uniformity by increasing the pressure in the upper area of the filter cartridge. The combination of the diffusion nozzle and the gold cone cartridge had a synergistic effect on increasing the pressure in the upper area of the filter cartridge. In particular, when the gold cone extended 20 ~ 40 mm into the diffusion nozzle, the pulse injection intensity was 2.3 times higher than that of the combination of ordinary nozzle and ordinary filter. The results were expected to provide reference for the optimization of the dust collector of pulse-jet cleaning filter cartridge.
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表 1 4种组合条件下滤筒内各测点压力峰值和压力峰值的平均值
Table 1. Peak value and average value of pressure peak value of each measuring point in the filter cartridge under four combinations
测点 普通喷嘴压力峰值/Pa 扩散喷嘴压力峰值/Pa 普通滤筒 金锥滤筒 普通滤筒 金锥滤筒 P1 209.1 213.7 652.5 1 110.9 P2 939.5 1 315.7 910.5 1 620.9 P3 1 436.1 1 956.7 1 068.4 1 774.0 P4 1 563.3 2 273.3 1 121.1 1 800.4 P5 1 577.9 2 374.9 1 126.1 1 815.4 平均值 1 145.2 1 626.8 975.7 1 624.3 -
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