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氯吡嘧磺隆为磺酰脲类的主要品种之一,使用剂量低,除草效果好,被广泛用于多种作物的杂草防除。由于其在碱性土壤中的降解较慢,导致残留在土壤中的除草剂会随着雨水淋溶进入水体,对水环境中的鱼类产生毒性效应。Cd为工业重金属污染物,长期暴露会导致神经、生殖、发育、遗传毒性、免疫和淋巴网状效应[1],《GB 3838-2002地表水环境质量标准》中第五类水要求检出标准低于0.01 mg·L−1。在我国污染严重水域中镉的浓度高达4.5 mg·L−1. 有研究发现,氯吡嘧磺隆和啶虫脒复合污染时,可造成斑马鱼DNA和RNA损伤,神经传递物质的不平衡等[2]。
本研究以氯吡嘧磺隆和镉作为研究对象,分析其在水中复合对斑马鱼的联合毒性效应。通过分析不同处理组斑马鱼致死率和肝脏多种酶活性变化,获得两种污染物复合效应最大的比例,进而分析该处理组斑马肝脏代谢物的变化,以期厘清氯吡嘧磺隆和镉对斑马鱼的联合毒性机制。
氯吡嘧磺隆和镉复合对斑马鱼肝脏的影响
The effect of halosulfuron methyl and cadmium on the liver of zebra fish
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摘要: 为了探究污染物镉和氯吡嘧磺隆复合污染对非靶标生物斑马鱼的毒性作用,通过急性毒性试验,获得镉和氯吡嘧磺隆对斑马鱼的LC50。以LC25作为0水平,设置9个处理组进行试验,检测不同处理组斑马鱼96 h死亡率、斑马鱼肝脏中CAT、 MDA和羧酸酯酶CarE。检测结果表明,镉和氯吡嘧磺隆对斑马鱼存在交互作用,当水体中镉浓度为3.12 mg·L−1,氯吡嘧磺隆浓度为14.03 mg·L−1,两种物质复合对斑马鱼的毒性效应最大。将毒性效应最大处理组的斑马鱼肝脏代谢物进行采样分析,研究结果表明,镉和氯吡嘧磺隆复合造成斑马鱼肝脏核苷酸、乙醛酸、能量、氨基酸等代谢途径异常,多种代谢物含量显著下降。研究结果可为水环境中氯吡嘧磺隆和镉复合污染的生态风险评价和早期预警提供依据。Abstract: In order to explore the toxic effects of the combined pollution of cadmium and pesticides (Halosulfuron methyl) on non-target organisms zebra fish, the acute toxicity test was conducted to obtain the lethal concentration of cadmium and halosulfuron methyl on zebra fish (LC50). With LC25 as the 0 level, set up 9 treatment groups for testing to detect 96-hour mortality of zebra fish, catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and carboxylesterase (CarE) in liver of zebra fish, the results showed that cadmium and halosulfuron methyl have an interaction effect on zebra fish. There was the most effects on zebra fish, when the concentration of cadmium was 3.12 mg·L−1, the concentration of halosulfuron methyl was 14.03 mg·L−1 in the water. Analysis metabolites in liver of zebra fish in the treatment group with the most toxic effects showed that the combination of cadmium and halosulfuron methyl caused abnormal metabolic pathways such as nucleotides, glyoxylic acid, energy, and amino acids in the liver of zebra fish, with the content of metabolites were significantly decrease. The research results can provide a basis for the ecological risk assessment and early warning of the combined pollution of halosulfuron methyl and cadmium in the water environment.
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Key words:
- halosulfuron methyl /
- cadmium /
- enzyme activity /
- metabolites
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表 1 二因素三水平组合设计
Table 1. Universal design of two-factor three -level combination
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 镉/(mg·L−1) 3.12 3.12 3.12 5.12 5.12 5.12 7.12 7.12 7.12 氯吡嘧磺隆/(mg·L−1) 10.03 12.03 14.03 10.03 12.03 14.03 10.03 12.03 14.03 表 2 氯吡嘧磺隆和镉对斑马鱼毒性的二元回归关系
Table 2. Binary regression relationship between the toxicity of chlorpyrisulfuron and cadmium to zebrafish
判定指标 a b c d e R2 机率值 −2.0765 1.14151 0.11932 −0.04316 0.6604 0.85013 CAT 6.27616 −2.32009 0.83973 0.74004 −1.27059 0.84788 MDA 2.52245 −0.78453 −0.26585 0.03726 0.00713 0.96893 CarE −80.25304 33.68476 6.12097 −1.36684 1.05843 0.84131 -
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