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水果营养价值丰富,是人类膳食的组成部分。水果在生长过程中,主要通过喷洒农药来防治病虫害。随着人们的生活水平提高,水果中农药残留的安全问题越来越受到关注。因此,调查水果中农药残留污染现状,对评估农药膳食风险和维护人体健康有重要的意义。
目前,国内外有很多水果中农药残留量的调查报告,但所用检测仪器的灵敏度和分辨率较低,涉及到的农药种类有限,为几种到几十种之间。薛雷等[1]在2016—2018年调查了西安市水果中17种农药残留风险状况。高艳青等[2]监测了2017—2019年北京市大兴区主产水果中39中农药残留量。为保障消费安全,国家和地区部门每年对水果中农药残留进行了监测,其农残种类也较少,在10个以内,均不能真实有效的评价水果中多农药残留污染状况。在农药残留的检测技术方面,QuECHERS[3-4]前处理方法结合三重四极杆质谱[5-6],可同时对样品中多种农药残留进行快速定性和定量。
本研究随机采集重庆市售水果,通过气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱仪监测分析有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯等类农药残留共208种,了解重庆市售水果中农药残留状况,为科学指导水果种植、消费和监管提供科学依据。
2021年重庆市售水果中208种农药残留污染现状调查
Investigation of 208 pesticide residues in fruits in Chongqing in 2021
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摘要: 了解重庆市售水果中208种农药残留现状,为相关部门合理指导农药使用和食品安全防控措施提供数据支撑。2021年从重庆市场上不同地点采集313份水果样品,按照GB 23200.113-2018《食品安全国家标准 植物源性食品中208种农药及其代谢物残留量的测定 气相色谱-质谱联用法》对208种农药残留量进行检测。部分样品检出农药残留,农药检出率为41.2%;共检出39种农药,毒死蜱检出率最高(15.3%);有13份样品中农药残留量超国家限量值,不合格率为4.2%,其中,柑橘类水果有7份,不合格率最高(14.3%)。水果中存在一定农药残留的食品安全风险,相关部门应加强监管,采取措施预防和减少农药残留。Abstract: To Study the current situation of 208 pesticide residues in fruits in Chongqing and provide data support for relevant departments to guide the rational use of pesticides and food safety prevention and control measures. In 2021, 313 fruit samples were collected from different locations in chongqing market, and 208 pesticide residues were detected according to GB 23200.113-2018. Pesticide residues were detected in some samples, and the detection rate was 41.2%. A total of 39 pesticides were detected, with the highest detection rate of 15.3% of chlorpyrifos. There were 13 samples with pesticide residues exceeding the national limit value, with the unqualified rate of 4.2%. 7 samples of citrus fruits had the highest unqualified rate of 14.3%. There are certain food safety risks of pesticide residues in fruits, and relevant departments should strengthen supervision and take measures to prevent and reduce pesticide residues.
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Key words:
- fruits /
- pesticide residues /
- investigation /
- chongqing
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表 1 水果中不同农药检出情况
Table 1. Detection of different pesticides in fruits
序号
Serial
number名称
Pesticide
name检出份数
Number of
copies序号
Serial
number名称
Pesticide
name检出份数
Number of
copies序号
Serial
number名称
Pesticide
name检出份数
Number of
copies1 毒死蜱 48 14 多效唑 6 27 水胺硫磷 2 2 乙螨唑 28 15 氯氰菊酯 5 28 增效醚 2 3 抑霉唑 23 16 腈苯唑 4 29 甲霜灵 1 4 苯醚甲环唑 23 17 乙酰甲胺磷 4 30 三唑磷 1 5 戊唑醇 21 18 氯唑磷 4 31 嘧霉胺 1 6 氯氟氰菊酯 19 19 氧乐果 3 32 肟菌酯 1 7 丙溴磷 11 20 腐霉利 3 33 吡丙醚 1 8 异菌脲 11 21 啶酰菌胺 3 34 生物烯丙菊酯 1 9 氟环唑 9 22 甲氰菊酯 3 35 丙环唑 1 10 氰戊菊酯 9 23 环氟菌胺 3 36 马拉硫磷 1 11 烯虫酯 9 24 哒螨灵 2 37 醚菌酯 1 12 联苯菊酯 8 25 噻唑膦 2 38 克百威 1 13 腈菌唑 7 26 乙嘧酚磺酸酯 2 39 仲丁威 1 注:其余农药检出率为0.
Note: The detection rate of other pesticides is 0. -
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