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兴奋剂作为全球体育竞技中的违禁用药物,国际奥委会对兴奋剂一直保持着“零容忍”的态度。近年来,肉类食品饮食污染导致食源性兴奋剂事件层出不穷。据体育总局反兴奋剂中心《大型赛事食源性兴奋剂防控工作指南》(体反兴奋字[2021]584号)明确规定β-受体激动剂、利尿剂和糖皮质激素等兴奋剂为禁用药物,食源性兴奋剂准确测定不仅为体育赛事食品安全保驾护航,同时也促进我国食品行业健康发展。
食源性兴奋剂检测手段主要有液质联用法[1-2]、高效液相色谱法[3]、气质联用法[4] 及UPLC-Q-TOF-MS法[5]等。在实验室检测过程中,往往用加标回收和基体标准品等质控手段进行质量控制[6]。但加标回收率并不能很好反映样品提取效率,现有基体标准品基质种类受限,价格高昂,很难满足实际工作中的检测需求,目前未见关于食源性兴奋剂残留质控品制备技术的研究报道。
本研究以火腿肠为代表性基质,开发了多种食源性兴奋剂质控样品的研制方法,采用单因素方差分析、t-检验等统计学方法对制备的兴奋剂质控品特性值进行均匀性及稳定性评价;对质控样品实验室内以及实验室间定值测定数据进行格拉布斯检验以及科克伦等精度检验,排除异常值,并对其进行不确定度评价。
肉制品中多种食源性兴奋剂质控样品的研制及评价-以火腿肠为例
Development and evaluation of quality control samples for multiple edible stimulants in meat products-Ham sausage as an example
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摘要: 本研究以火腿肠为基质,研制了肉制品中8种食源性兴奋剂质控样品的制备方法并对质控样品进行了分析评价。方法以β-受体激动剂、蛋白同化剂、糖皮质激素和利尿剂为目标物采用真空冷冻干燥,基质添加的方式制备质控样品,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对质控样品中目标物进行测定。质控样品经F检验后具有良好的均匀性,经t检验后在常温(25℃)存放15d以及低温(−20℃)存放6个月具有良好的稳定性,并通过 10家实验室对质控样品进行联合定值,最终确定质控样品最终定值结果:喷布特罗为(5.69 ± 0.412)μg·kg−1、克伦特罗为(2.96 ± 0.270)μg·kg−1、丙酸睾酮为(12.7 ± 1.642)μg·kg−1、睾酮为(12.6 ± 1.633)μg·kg−1、可的松为(9.85 ± 1.145)μg·kg−1、甲基泼尼松龙为(5.92 ± 0.534)μg·kg−1、氯噻嗪为(13.2 ± 1.721)μg·kg−1、托拉塞米为(17.5 ± 2.341)μg·kg−1。Abstract: In this study, 8 kinds of food stimulant quality control samples in meat products were prepared using ham sausage as the matrix, and the quality control samples were analyzed and evaluated. The target substances of β-agonist, anabolic agent, glucocorticoid and diuretic were prepared by vacuum freeze-drying and matrix addition, and the target substances were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the mass control samples. The quality control samples had good homogeneity after F-test and good stability after t-test at room temperature (25℃) for 15 days and at low temperature (−20℃) for 6 months, and through the 10 laboratories on the quality control samples for joint determination, and finally determine the final quality control sample determination results: Penbutolol to (5.69±0.412) μg·kg−1, clenbuterol to (2.96±0.270) μg·kg−1, testosterone propionate to (12.7±1.642) μg·kg−1, testosterone to (12.6±1.633) μg·kg−1, cortisone to (9.85±1.145) μg·kg−1, methylprednisone to (5.92±0.534) μg·kg−1, chlorothiazide to (13.2±1.721) μg·kg−1, torsemide to (17.5±2.341) μg·kg−1. The preparation techniques of edible stimulant quality control samples of multiple species and levels in meat products established were rigorous and reliable, and can be used for quality control and blind sample assessment of edible stimulant residue analysis.
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Key words:
- edible stimulants /
- quality control samples /
- homogeneity /
- stability /
- quantification /
- meat products
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表 1 8种兴奋剂的质谱参数
Table 1. Mass spectrometry parameters of 8 stimulants
质谱参数 喷布特罗 克伦特罗 丙酸睾酮 睾酮 甲基泼尼松龙 可的松 氯噻嗪 托拉塞米 电离模式 + + + + + − − + 母离子(m/z) 292.2 277.1 345.3 289.2 375.2 405.1 293.9 349.1 子离子(m/z) 236.2*
201.2203.1*
132.197.1*
109.197.1*
109.1161.2*
253.3329.1*
359.1214.0*
179.0264.1*
290.0碰撞能/V −20.0
−21.0−18.0
−29.0−27.0
−28.0−25.0
−24.0−24.0
−21.016.0
9.029.0
44.0−16.0
−14.0“*”为定量离子. 表 2 质控品不确定度评定
Table 2. Evaluation of uncertainty of quality control samples
药物
Drugs不确定度来源Uncertainty sources 合成不确定度
Synthetic uncertainty扩展不确定度
Extended Uncertainty(P = 95%,k = 2)uchar ubb ults usts 喷布特罗 0.032 0.008 0.015 0.000 0.206 0.412 克伦特罗 0.042 0.008 0.016 0.000 0.135 0.270 丙酸睾酮 0.063 0.010 0.011 0.000 0.821 1.642 睾酮 0.059 0.018 0.020 0.000 0.816 1.633 可的松 0.056 0.012 0.010 0.000 0.573 1.145 甲基泼尼松龙 0.036 0.010 0.025 0.000 0.267 0.534 氯噻嗪 0.063 0.008 0.015 0.000 0.861 1.721 托拉塞米 0.059 0.022 0.023 0.000 1.170 2.341 -
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