摘要:
为研究全氟辛烷磺酸盐(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)替代品对环境生物的毒害效应,选用中国白羽鹌鹑作为受试生物,建立其环境危害评价毒性测试方法,并对PFOS替代化学品进行了急性经口、急性饲喂及繁殖毒性的风险评价。结果表明,全氟丁基有机铵盐阳离子表面活性剂急性经口毒性实验的LD50为500.44 mg·kg-1,其余3种替代化学品在上限浓度2 000mg·kg-1,白羽鹌鹑均未出现明显死亡,4种PFOS替代品对中国白羽鹌鹑的急性经口毒性均为低毒。全氟丁基有机铵盐阳离子表面活性剂急性饲喂毒性实验的LC50为970.50 mg·kg-1,对白羽鹌鹑的饲喂毒性为中毒,而其余3种替代化学品在上限浓度5 000mg·kg-1,白羽鹌鹑均未出现明显死亡,对中国白羽鹌鹑的急性饲喂毒性为低毒。在长期饲喂过程中,织物三防整理剂和C6织物三防整理剂会表现出一定的生殖毒性,造成中国白羽鹌鹑的孵化率降低,胚胎死亡率及未受精率升高;全氟丁基有机铵盐阳离子表面活性剂会影响到中国白羽鹌鹑的未受精率,C4织物三防整理剂未表现出明显的生殖毒性。
Abstract:
Chinese recessive white feather quail were exposed to four alternative chemicals of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) to test the toxic effects of these chemicals. Toxicity evaluation methods of Chinese recessive white feather quail to chemicals were built. The results suggested that LD50 of acute oral toxicity experiment of surfactant was 500.44 mg·kg-1, and Chinese recessive white feather quail did not appear obvious death when the acute oral concentrations of other three alternatives were up to 2 000 mg·L-1, the acute oral toxicity of four chemicals were all low toxicity. LD50 of acute dietary toxicity experiment of surfactant was 970.50 mg·kg-1, indicating that surfactant was middle toxicity in acute dietary toxicity experiment. No Chinese recessive white feather quail appeared obvious death when the acute oral concentrations of other three alternatives were up to 5 000 mg·L-1. Also, the acute dietary toxicity assessments showed that these chemicals were low toxicity. However, all these chemicals did harm to the reproduction of Chinese recessive white feather quail in the long time test. The finishing agent and C6 finishing agent decreased the hatching rate, and increased the embryonic mortality and unfertilized rate. Surfactant would increase the unfertilized rate, while C4 finishing agent didn't show obvious reproduction toxicity to the Chinese recessive white feather quail.
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