从筛选值和用地方式角度探讨我国污染场地风险筛选标准的潜在问题
Discussion on Potential Issues of Risk Controlling Standards of Contaminated Sites in China from Perspectives of Screening Values and Land Uses
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摘要: 近年来我国的城市建设用地土壤污染调查与修复的市场快速增长，但同时产生了单个项目平均价格大幅下降、项目质量难以保证等问题，使得有效且准确的风险筛选和评估成为了贯穿污染场地风险管控全过程的关键。本文概述了我国现行污染场地风险筛选框架，分析“筛选值”和“用地方式”两大核心准则在框架中的关键地位。通过对文献报道、项目报告、地方标准的调研，本文分析了两大核心准则背后的问题，包括筛选值方面的筛选值保守性不明，复杂组分混合物的毒性参数不明，筛选值与检测结果之间缺乏统计学分析；用地方式方面的非居住型敏感用地处理不明，部分敏感用地方式归类模糊，“自上而下”评估方式需要调整等。通过分析现行污染场地风险筛选框架中的潜在问题，有助于制定更合理的污染场地风险筛选及管控框架，平衡保障人体健康安全与降低修复工程成本的两方面要求，为新污染物的筛选评估提供指导。Abstract: In recent years, the market for soil pollution investigation and remediation in urban development has grown rapidly in China. However, this has led to problems such as a significant drop in the average price of individual project and difficulties in ensuring project quality, which makes effective and accurate risk screening and assessment a critical issue throughout the entire process of contaminated site risk management. This paper outlines the risk screening framework for contaminated sites in China and analyzes the critical role of the two core criteria:"screening values" and "land use" in the risk assessment framework. Through research on literature, site projects, and regional standards, this paper analyzes the problems behind the two core criteria, including uncertainty in the conservativeness of screening values, unknown toxicity parameters for complex mixture components, and lack of statistical analysis between screening values and detection results. In terms of land use, the handling of non-residential sensitive land is unclear, the delineation of sensitive and non-sensitive land is unclear, and the "top-down" evaluation method needs adjustment. By analyzing the potential problems in the current risk screening framework for contaminated sites, this paper helps to develop a more reasonable framework for screening and risk-controlling of contaminated sites, balancing the two requirements of guaranteeing human health safety and reducing the cost of remediation projects, and providing guidance for the screening and evaluation methods of emerging contaminants.
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Key words:
- contaminated site /
- screening value /
- land use /
- remediation goal /
- health risk assessment
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