重庆市典型行业废水中邻苯二甲酸酯污染状况调查
Investigation on Status of Phthalate Esters Pollution in Wastewater of Typical Industries in Chongqing City
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摘要: 为了解重庆市不同行业废水中邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalate esters，PAEs）的污染状况，在该市范围内选取橡胶制造业、塑料制品制造、涂料制造、印刷、造纸和纸制品业、电气机械和器材制造业、电子设备制造业、汽车制造业、纺织业、医药制造业和化学纤维制造业等11个典型行业共26家企业作为调查对象，对企业污水处理设施进、出口废水中15种PAEs的污染水平展开研究。结果显示，除邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯（DOP）和邻苯二甲酸二己酯（DHP）外，其余13种PAEs在进、出水中均有不同程度的检出，检出率介于3.85%~100%之间；其中，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己）酯（DEHP）是最主要的PAEs类污染物，合计占PAEs总含量（∑PAEs）的80%以上。进水中∑PAEs浓度的最大值在电子设备制造业（30 763 ng·L-1）检出，出水中浓度最大值则在纺织业中检出（14 215 ng·L-1）。比较进出水中PAEs的污染特征发现，企业污水处理设施对邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯（BBP）、邻苯二甲酸二-4-甲基-2-戊基酯（BMPP）、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯（DCHP）、邻苯二甲酸二壬酯（DNP）和邻苯二甲酸二苯酯（DPhP）有较好的去除效果，但对于DMP、DIBP和DEHP的去除效率相对较低。生态风险评估结果显示，经流域水体稀释后，出水中PAEs的风险商值均<0.3，生态风险均处于可接受水平；然而，考虑到流域较高的本底值和其他PAEs污染源，工业废水中PAEs的污染防控仍需引起高度重视。Abstract: In order to investigate the contamination of phthalate esters (PAEs) in wastewaters from different industries in Chongqing City, the concentrations and distribution of 15 PAEs were analyzed in the influent and effluent from industrial wastewater treatment stations (IWWTSs) of 26 enterprises in 11 typical industries including the manufacturing of rubber, plastic, paint, printing, paper, electrical and mechanical, electronic equipment, automobile, textile, pharmaceutical and chemical fibers. Except for di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) and dihexyl phthalate (DHP), 13 PAEs were detected in the influent or effluent of IWWTSs, with detection frequencies (DFs) ranging from 3.85% to 100%. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the predominant PAE compounds in the wastewater, collectively accounting for more than 80% of the total PAEs (∑PAEs). The maximum values of ∑PAEs in the influent were detected in electronic equipment manufacturing wastewater (30 763 ng·L-1); while in the effluent, the highest levels of ∑PAEs was observed in textile manufacturing wastewater (14 215 ng·L-1). Comparison of the levels of PAEs pollution between the influent and effluent, it is obvious that IWWTSs have a better efficiency in removal of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), bis(4-methyl-2-pentyl) phthalate (BMPP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), dinonyl phthalate (DNP) and diphenyl phthalate (DPhP), whereas likely inefficient for DMP, DIBP and DEHP. Ecological risk assessment result showed that the risk quotients (RQs) of PAEs in the effluent of the 26 companies were lower than 0.3 after diluted by the Yangtze River, with the ecological risk in an acceptable range. However, considering higher background and other potential contamination sources of PAEs, much attention is still needed for the treatment of PAEs in the industrial wastewater.
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Key words:
- phthalate esters /
- typical industries /
- ecological risk /
- contamination levels
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