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水体生态系统对不同浓度水平苯酚污染的急性毒性响应

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张建英, 丁腾达, 梁璐怡, 王凤平, 陈瑾. 水体生态系统对不同浓度水平苯酚污染的急性毒性响应[J]. 环境化学, 2012, 31(5): 714-719.
引用本文: 张建英, 丁腾达, 梁璐怡, 王凤平, 陈瑾. 水体生态系统对不同浓度水平苯酚污染的急性毒性响应[J]. 环境化学, 2012, 31(5): 714-719.
shu
ZHANG Jianying, DING Tengda, LIANG Luyi, WANG Fengping, CHEN Jin. Response of aquatic ecosystem to phenol pollution at different concentration levels[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2012, 31(5): 714-719.
Citation: ZHANG Jianying, DING Tengda, LIANG Luyi, WANG Fengping, CHEN Jin. Response of aquatic ecosystem to phenol pollution at different concentration levels[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2012, 31(5): 714-719.
shu

水体生态系统对不同浓度水平苯酚污染的急性毒性响应

  • 1.

    浙江大学环境科学研究所, 杭州, 310058;

  • 2.

    浙江大学环境与资源实验教学中心, 杭州, 310058;

  • 3.

    浙江省有机污染过程与控制重点实验室, 杭州, 310058

  • 基金项目:

    国家自然科学基金项目(21177106)资助.

Response of aquatic ecosystem to phenol pollution at different concentration levels

  • 1.

    Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China;

  • 2.

    Laboratory for Teaching in Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China;

  • 3.

    Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China

  • Fund Project:

  • 摘要: 针对浙江某地苯酚泄漏事件,结合实地监测和实验室研究,探索苯酚的水体污染化学行为对水体生态系统的影响和急性毒性效应.本研究选取水生生态系统中明亮发光杆菌T3、优势藻四尾栅藻Scenedesmus quadricauda以及模式鱼斑马鱼Brachydanio rerio为研究对象,探索水体中生产者、消费者及分解者等整个生态系统对不同苯酚浓度胁迫下的生态响应.结果表明,水生生物对苯酚污染浓度的生态响应差异显著,虽然苯酚对发光细菌、四尾栅藻及鱼体都具有一定的毒性影响,但四尾栅藻抑制率与苯酚浓度之间并没有良好的线性关系.发光细菌的相对发光率与苯酚浓度的关系表明,0.2—25 mg·L-1苯酚浓度对水体会产生低毒作用,而30—100 mg·L-1苯酚浓度对水体会产生中毒作用.苯酚对四尾栅藻的影响主要表现为光合作用的暗反应破坏,高浓度苯酚处理组中四尾栅藻会将残余苯酚浓度作为自身碳源而短暂地促进其生长.斑马鱼在苯酚浓度高于15 mg·L-1时,会发生体重下降、死亡率上升、呼吸急促、游动迅速以及导致水质变坏等现象,并且在100 mg·L-1苯酚浓度处理下,鱼体内富集大量苯酚,通过食物链进而对人类健康产生影响.
    Abstract: The effect of phenol on aquatic ecosystem was investigated by combining field monitoring and laboratory studies. Photobacterium phosphoreum, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Brachydanio rerio were selected in this study to explore the ecological response of producers, consumers and decomposers in the aquatic ecosystem to different concentrations of phenol stress. The results showed that toxic effects of phenol on luminescent bacteria, algae and fish were found, but there was no good linear relationship between inhibition rate of S. quadricauda and phenol concentration. Relationship of phenol concentration with the relative luminous efficiency of luminous bacteria indicated that the toxicity effect occurred at phenol concentrations higher than 0.2 mg稬-1. The toxic effect of phenol on S. quadricauda may be mainly due to the destruction of the dark reaction in photosynthesis. High concentration phenol promoted the growth, probably because phenol may be regarded as a carbon source for S. quadricauda. The weight loss, increased mortality, shortness of breath, swimming speed increase of zebra fish and deterioration of water quality were found after treatment of phenol concentration higher than 15 mg稬-1. The accumulated concentration of phenol in fish at 100 mg稬-1 exposure concentration was high, which could cause serious threat to human health through food chain.
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  • [1] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Phenol (Update). Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, 1998
    [2] Versar, Inc. Water related environmental fate of 129 priority pollutants. Part Ⅱ. Halogenated ethers, monocyclic aromatics, phthalate esters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, and miscellaneous compounds. Draft report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1979
    [3] Kobayashi K, Akitake H, Kimura S. Studies on the metabolism of chlorophenols in fish. Ⅵ. Turnover of absorbed phenol in goldfish[J]. Bull Jap Soc Sci Fish, 1976, 42: 45-50
    [4] Saha N C, Bhunia F, Kaviraj A. Toxicity of phenol to fish and aquatic ecosystems[J]. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1999, 63:195-202
    [5] Schultz T W, Dumowr J N. Cytotoxicity of synthetic fuel products on Tetrahymena pyriformis I. Phenol[J]. J Eukaryot Microbiol, 1977, 24(1): 164-172
    [6] Kostyaev V Y. Effect of phenol on algae[J]. Tr Inst Biol Vnutr Vod, Akad Nauk SSSR, 1973, 24(27): 98-113
    [7] Dedonder A, Van Sumere C F. The effect of phenolics and related compounds on the growth and the respiration of Chlorella vulgaris[J]. Z Pflanzenphysiol, 1971, 65: 70-80
    [8] Lukina G A. Effect of small doses of phenol on the photosynthesis of Chiorella[J]. Tr Inst Biol Vnutr Vod, Akad Nauk SSSR, 1973, 24(27): 114-118
    [9] 文军, 罗献宝, 李剑,等. 新安江、富春江区域水质变化的风险分析.[J] 水土保持研究, 2007, 14(2): 224-230
    [10] 张慧冲, 方建新, 涂友琴. 新安江屯溪水力自控翻板坝蓄水期浮游植物的变化研究[J]. 生物学杂志, 2010, 27(4): 65-67
    [11] 唐鑫生,梁俊. 新安江(新溪口段)浮游动物调查报告[J]. 生物学杂志, 1999, 16(3): 29-30
    [12] 马勇, 黄燕, 贾玉玲, 等. 发光细菌急性毒性测试方法的优化研究[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2010, 32(11): 48-52
    [13] 李娟英, 高峰, 陈洁, 等. 酚类化合物对发光细菌的急性毒性和对ETS的抑制研究[J]. 上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(1): 111-115
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  • 收稿日期:  2011-09-21
张建英, 丁腾达, 梁璐怡, 王凤平, 陈瑾. 水体生态系统对不同浓度水平苯酚污染的急性毒性响应[J]. 环境化学, 2012, 31(5): 714-719.
引用本文: 张建英, 丁腾达, 梁璐怡, 王凤平, 陈瑾. 水体生态系统对不同浓度水平苯酚污染的急性毒性响应[J]. 环境化学, 2012, 31(5): 714-719.
shu
ZHANG Jianying, DING Tengda, LIANG Luyi, WANG Fengping, CHEN Jin. Response of aquatic ecosystem to phenol pollution at different concentration levels[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2012, 31(5): 714-719.
Citation: ZHANG Jianying, DING Tengda, LIANG Luyi, WANG Fengping, CHEN Jin. Response of aquatic ecosystem to phenol pollution at different concentration levels[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2012, 31(5): 714-719.
shu

水体生态系统对不同浓度水平苯酚污染的急性毒性响应

  • 1.  浙江大学环境科学研究所, 杭州, 310058;
  • 2.  浙江大学环境与资源实验教学中心, 杭州, 310058;
  • 3.  浙江省有机污染过程与控制重点实验室, 杭州, 310058
  • 收稿日期:  2011-09-21
基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(21177106)资助.

摘要: 针对浙江某地苯酚泄漏事件,结合实地监测和实验室研究,探索苯酚的水体污染化学行为对水体生态系统的影响和急性毒性效应.本研究选取水生生态系统中明亮发光杆菌T3、优势藻四尾栅藻Scenedesmus quadricauda以及模式鱼斑马鱼Brachydanio rerio为研究对象,探索水体中生产者、消费者及分解者等整个生态系统对不同苯酚浓度胁迫下的生态响应.结果表明,水生生物对苯酚污染浓度的生态响应差异显著,虽然苯酚对发光细菌、四尾栅藻及鱼体都具有一定的毒性影响,但四尾栅藻抑制率与苯酚浓度之间并没有良好的线性关系.发光细菌的相对发光率与苯酚浓度的关系表明,0.2—25 mg·L-1苯酚浓度对水体会产生低毒作用,而30—100 mg·L-1苯酚浓度对水体会产生中毒作用.苯酚对四尾栅藻的影响主要表现为光合作用的暗反应破坏,高浓度苯酚处理组中四尾栅藻会将残余苯酚浓度作为自身碳源而短暂地促进其生长.斑马鱼在苯酚浓度高于15 mg·L-1时,会发生体重下降、死亡率上升、呼吸急促、游动迅速以及导致水质变坏等现象,并且在100 mg·L-1苯酚浓度处理下,鱼体内富集大量苯酚,通过食物链进而对人类健康产生影响.

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