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中国汞污染的来源、成因及控制技术路径分析

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孙阳昭, 陈扬, 蓝虹, 刘俐媛, 方莉. 中国汞污染的来源、成因及控制技术路径分析[J]. 环境化学, 2013, 32(6): 937-942. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2013.06.003
引用本文: 孙阳昭, 陈扬, 蓝虹, 刘俐媛, 方莉. 中国汞污染的来源、成因及控制技术路径分析[J]. 环境化学, 2013, 32(6): 937-942. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2013.06.003
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SUN Yangzhao, CHEN Yang, LAN Hong, LIU Liyuan, FNAG Li. Study on pollution sources, cause of mercury pollution and its control technical roadmap in China[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2013, 32(6): 937-942. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2013.06.003
Citation: SUN Yangzhao, CHEN Yang, LAN Hong, LIU Liyuan, FNAG Li. Study on pollution sources, cause of mercury pollution and its control technical roadmap in China[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2013, 32(6): 937-942. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2013.06.003
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中国汞污染的来源、成因及控制技术路径分析

  • 1.

    中国人民大学环境与自然资源学院, 北京, 100872;

  • 2.

    中国科学院高能物理研究所, 北京, 100049;

  • 3.

    环境保护部对外合作中心, 北京, 100035

  • 基金项目:

    国合会项目:汞管理专题政策研究

    国家"863"项目(2012AA062902)

    环境保护部(2011-4)项目资助.

Study on pollution sources, cause of mercury pollution and its control technical roadmap in China

  • 1.

    School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China;

  • 2.

    Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;

  • 3.

    Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100035, China

  • Fund Project:

  • 摘要: 汞是一种能长期存在于环境且具有全球迁移性的污染物.汞污染防治是一个复杂的系统工程,涉及多部门、多领域、多行业,国家需要在政策、管理和技术等方面采取综合的战略措施推进汞污染防治.本文基于汞污染的环境和社会影响,分析了中国汞污染的来源、成因并评估了中国汞管理体系,结合中国参加全球汞公约谈判的特定背景,识别出汞污染防控的优先行业,包括汞的无意排放优先控制行业:燃煤、有色金属冶炼、汞矿开采和含汞废物处理;汞的有意使用优先控制行业:电石法聚氯乙烯生产,医疗产品、荧光灯和电池生产.本文也进一步提出了汞污染控制技术路径,包括构建汞风险管理和识别平台、完善汞管理体系、加强环境技术研发、推进绿色转型、保护环境和公众健康等.
    Abstract: Mercury is an important environmental contaminant that is persistent in the environment and can be transported globally. Mercury pollution prevention and control is a complex process, involving a wide range of sectors, fields and industries, and a slight move in one area may affect the whole situation profoundly in China. Therefore, comprehensive strategies in terms of policy, management and technology are needed at the national level for mercury prevention and control. In this paper, based on analysis of the environmental and social impact of mercury pollution, its sources and cause as well as the regulatory system for mercury pollution prevention and control, while taking into consideration the specific background of global mercury convention negotiations participated in by China, we proposed the following priorities for mercury pollution prevention and control: unintentional release sources such as coal burning, non-ferrous metal smelting, mercury mining and disposal of mercury-containing wastes; and intentional use such as PVC production using the calcium carbide process, production of medical appliances, fluorescent lamps and batteries. Furthermore, the technical roadmap was suggested herein including a sound mercury information platform for risk identification and management, establishment of China's management and regulatory regimes for mercury, research and development of environmental technologies, promotion of green transformations, protection of the public health and environment, etc.
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  • [1] Schoeny R. Use of genetic toxicology data in U.S. EPA risk assessment: The mercury study report as an example [J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 1996, 104(supplement 3): 663-673
    [2] Mahaffey K R. Fish and shellfish as dietary sources of methyl mercury and the omega-3 fatty acids, eicosahexaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid: Risks and benefits [J]. Environmental Research, 2004, 95: 414-428
    [3] Chen L G, Xu Z C, Ding X Y. Spatial trend and pollution assessment of total mercury and methyl mercury pollution in the Pearl River Delta soil, South China [J]. Chemosphere, 2012, 88: 612-619
    [4] UNEP. Overarching framework UNEP global mercury partnership [M]. New York: UNEP, 2009
    [5] Luo W G, Si Y, Wang H M, et al. Leather material found on a 6th BC Chinese bronze sword: A technical study [J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A-molecular and Bimolecular Spectroscopy, 2011, 79(5): 1630-1633
    [6] Wu Y, Wang S X, Streets D G, et al. Trends in anthropogenic mercury emissions in China from 1995 to 2003[J]. Environmental Science & Technology. 2006, 40: 5312-5318
    [7] Zhang H, Feng X B, Thorjørn L, et al. In inland China, rice, rather than fish is the major pathway for methyl mercury exposure [J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010, 118: 1183-1188
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  • 收稿日期:  2012-11-10

中国汞污染的来源、成因及控制技术路径分析

  • 1.  中国人民大学环境与自然资源学院, 北京, 100872;
  • 2.  中国科学院高能物理研究所, 北京, 100049;
  • 3.  环境保护部对外合作中心, 北京, 100035
  • 收稿日期:  2012-11-10
基金项目:

国合会项目:汞管理专题政策研究

国家"863"项目(2012AA062902)

环境保护部(2011-4)项目资助.

摘要: 汞是一种能长期存在于环境且具有全球迁移性的污染物.汞污染防治是一个复杂的系统工程,涉及多部门、多领域、多行业,国家需要在政策、管理和技术等方面采取综合的战略措施推进汞污染防治.本文基于汞污染的环境和社会影响,分析了中国汞污染的来源、成因并评估了中国汞管理体系,结合中国参加全球汞公约谈判的特定背景,识别出汞污染防控的优先行业,包括汞的无意排放优先控制行业:燃煤、有色金属冶炼、汞矿开采和含汞废物处理;汞的有意使用优先控制行业:电石法聚氯乙烯生产,医疗产品、荧光灯和电池生产.本文也进一步提出了汞污染控制技术路径,包括构建汞风险管理和识别平台、完善汞管理体系、加强环境技术研发、推进绿色转型、保护环境和公众健康等.

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