娘子关泉域地表河流沉积物重金属污染特征与潜在生态风险
Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the river sediments of Niangziguan karst water system
-
摘要: 以娘子关泉域桃河和温河流域为研究对象，分析了研究区内30个采样点中8种重金属的含量及空间分布特征，并对其来源及潜在生态风险进行了评价.河流沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As、Hg的平均含量分别为35.72、43.82、187.99、76.50、43.18、0.90、12.70、0.45 mg·kg-1.来源分析结果表明，Cu、Zn、As、Hg主要来自于矿坑排水和生活污水的混合排放，Pb主要来自于工业点源污染，Cr和Ni具有一定的同源性，而Cd主要来源于农药和化肥的使用.地积累指数评价结果显示，各重金属的污染程度由高到低依次为：Hg > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Ni > Cr=As；各种重金属的潜在生态风险从高到底依次为：Hg > Cd > As > Pb > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cr，Hg和Cd虽然在沉积物中的含量很低，但其对生态风险指数的贡献分别为57.88%和32.51%.潜在生态风险指数显示南川河具有极强的潜在生态风险，需重点关注.Abstract: Surface sediment samples were taken from Taohe and Wenhe Basin. And the concentrations and spatial distribution characteristics of 8 heavy metals in 30 sediments samples were analyzed. The source and potential ecological risks of each heavy metal were evaluated. The mean concentration of 8 heavy metals including Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As and Hg were 35.72,43.82,187.99,76.50,43.18,0.90,12.70,0.45 mg·kg-1, respectively. The source of Cu, Zn, As, Hg in the sediments came mainly from mine drainage and domestic sewage, and Pb came mainly from industrial wastewater. The source of Cr and Ni were similar. Cd came mainly from the use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer. The pollution extent of heavy metals in sediments by geo-accumulation index followed the order of Hg > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Ni > Cr=As. The potential ecological risk of 8 heavy metals followed the order of Hg > Cd > As > Pb > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cr. Although the concentration of Hg and Cd were extremely low, they contributed the most to the total potential ecological risk, accounting for 57.88% and 32.51%, respectively. The risk assessment code showed that Nanchuan River had very high risk level. Therefore, it should be taken more considerations in the river management.
-
Key words:
- sediment /
- heavy metals /
- index of geo-accumulation /
- ecological risk /
- Niangziguan
-
-
[1] 尚林源,孙然好,王赵明,等.海河流域北部地区河流沉积物重金属的生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(2):606-611. SHANG L Y, SUN R H, WANG Z M, et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of rivers in northern area of Haihe river basin,China[J]. Environmental Science, 2012,33(2):606-611(in Chinese).
[2] 徐友宁,张江华. 陕西潼关金矿区太峪河底泥重金属元素的含量及污染评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(8):1263-1271. XU Y N, ZHANG J H. Contents of heavy metals in bottom sediments of the Taiyu River in the Tongguan gold mining area, Shaaxi, China, and contamination assessments[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 2008,27(8):1263-1671(in Chinese).
[3] 贾英,方明,吴友军,等.上海河流沉积物重金属的污染特征与潜在生态风险[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(1):147-153. JIA Y, FANG M, WU Y J, et al. Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in river sediments of Shanghai[J].China Environmental Science, 2013,33(1):147-153(in Chinese).
[4] 陈明,刘晓端,魏连伟,等.永定河上游水体与底泥中污染物的分布规律[J].岩矿测试,2001,20(2):131-135. CHEN M, LIU X D, WEI L W, et al. Distribution of pollutants in water and silt along the upper Yongdinghe River[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2001,20(2):131-135(in Chinese).
[5] 程杰,李学德,华日茂,等.巢湖水体沉积物重金属的分布及生态分析评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1403-1408. CHENG J, LI X D, HUA R M, et al. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Chaohu Lake[J].Journal of Argo-Environment Science, 2008,27(4):1403-1408(in Chinese).
[6] 林曼利,桂和荣,彭位华,等.典型矿区深层地下水重金属含量特征及健康风险评价[J].地球学报,2014,35(5):589-598. LIN M L, GUI H R, PENG W H, et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in deep groundwater from different aquifers of a typical coal mining area[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2014,35(5):589-598(in Chinese).
[7] ISLAM M.S, AHMED M.K, RAKNUZZAMAN M, et al. Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: A preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2015,48:282-291. [8] 王焰新,高旭波.人类活动影响下娘子关岩溶水系统地球化学演化[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(2):103-111. WANG Y X, GAO X B. Geochemical evolution of the Niangziguan karst water system under the impact of human activities[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2009, 28(2):103-111(in Chinese).
[9] 郭清海.人类活动条件下娘子关泉流量的变化趋势预测[J].安全与环境工程,2004,11(1):51-53. GUO Q H. Trend prediction of monthly discharge of Niangziguan springs under human activities[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2004,11(1):51-53(in Chinese).
[10] 梁永平,高洪波,张江华,等. 娘子关泉流量衰减原因的初步定量化分析[J].中国岩溶,2005,24(3):227-231. LIANG Y P, GAO H B, ZHANG J H, et al. Preliminary quantitative analysis on the cause of discharge attenuation in Niangziguan sping[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2005,24(3):227-231(in Chinese).
[11] 梁永平,王维泰,赵春红,等. 中国北方岩溶水变化特征及其环境问题[J].中国岩溶,2013,32(1):34-42. LIANG Y P, WANG W T, ZHAO C H, et al. Variation of karst water and environmental problems in North China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2013,32(1):34-42(in Chinese).
[12] 赵春红,梁永平,卢海平,等. 娘子关泉域岩溶水脆弱性模糊综合评价[J].水文,2013,33(5):52-57. ZHAO C H, LIANG Y P, LU H P, et al. Fuzzy evaluation of karst water vulnerability in Niangziguan spring area[J].Journal of China Hydrology, 2013,33(5):52-57(in Chinese).
[13] 霍建光,赵春红,梁永平,等.娘子关泉域径流-排泄区岩溶水污染特征及成因分析[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(5):147-152. HUO J G, ZHAO C H, LIANG Y P, et al. Characteristic and cause analysis in the run-off drainage area of Niangziguan spring[J].Geological Science and Technology Information, 2015,34(5):147-152(in Chinese).
[14] 梁永平,霍建光,王桃良,等.娘子关泉域岩溶水污染调查评价及保护对策[R].山西阳泉,2014. LIANG Y P, HUO J G, WANG T L, et al. The investigating and protection countermeasure of karst water in Niangziguan spring area[R].Yangquan city, Shanxi,2014(in Chinese). [15] MüLLER G. Index of geo-accumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J]. Geo Journal, 1969, 2(3):108-118. [16] 弓晓峰,陈春丽,周文斌,等.鄱阳湖底泥中重金属污染现状评价[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):732-736. GONG X F, CHEN C L, ZHOU W B, et al. Assessment on heavy metal pollution in the sediment of Poyang Lake[J].Environmental Science, 2006,27(4):732-736(in Chinese).
[17] [18] HåKANSON L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research, 1980,14:975-1001. [19] 韩倩,张丽娟,胡国成,等. 中山高平工业园区周边水体沉积物中重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(8):1563-1568. HAN Q, ZHANG L J, HU G C, et al. Pollution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of water bodies surrounding Gaoping Industrial Park of Zhongshan City[J]. Journal of Argo-Environment Science, 2015,34(8):1563-1568(in Chinese).
[20] 徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115. XU Z Q, NI S J, TUO X G, et al. Calculation of heavy metals' toxicity coefficient in the evaluation of potential ecological risk index[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2008,31(2):112-115(in Chinese).
[21] 张光贵,谢意南,莫永涛. 洞庭湖典型水域表层沉积物中重金属空间分布特征及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(10):51-58. ZHANG G G, XIE Y N, MO Y T. Spatial distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in typical water surface sediments of Dongting Lake[J]. Research of Environmental Science, 2015,28(10):51-58(in Chinese).
[22] 王丽,陈凡,马千里,等. 东江淡水河流域地表水和沉积物重金属污染特征及风险评价[J].环境化学,2015,34(9):1671-1684. WANG L, CHEN F, MA Q L,et al. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface water and sediment in Danshui River of Dongjiang[J].Environmental Chemistry, 2015,34(9):1671-1684(in Chinese).
[23] 王桃良,赵春红,梁永平,等. 地表水渗漏对娘子关岩溶泉泉水水质的影响[J].水文,2015,35(5):41-45. WANG T L, ZHAO C H, LIANG Y P, et al. Influence of surface water seepage on water quality in Niangziguan spring area[J].Journal of China Hydrology, 2015,35(5):41-45(in Chinese).
[24] 赵峰华,孙红福,李文生. 煤矿酸性矿井水中有害元素的迁移特性[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(3):261-266. ZHAO F H, SUN H G, LI W S. Migration of hazardous elements in acid coal mine drainage[J].Journal of Coal Society, 2007, 32(3):261-266(in Chinese).
[25] GARCIA R, MAIZ I, MILLAN E. Heavy metal contamination analysis of road soils and grasses from Gipuzkoa(Spain)[J]. Environmental Technology, 1996,17(7):763-770. [26] GRAY C W, MCLAREN R G, ROBERTS A H C. The effect of long-term phosphatic fertilizer applications on the amounts and forms of cadmium in soils under pasture in New Zealand[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 1999,54(3):267-277. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1236
- HTML全文浏览数: 1156
- PDF下载数: 361
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
