西藏帕隆藏布江流域天然水的水化学特征
Aquatic chemistry characteristics of natural water in the Parlung Zangbo River Basin, Tibet
-
摘要: 帕隆藏布江是雅鲁藏布江左岸水量最大的支流.为了调查帕隆藏布江流域水体水质和水化学特征，分析了水体的常规指标，包括pH、电导率、含盐量（SAL）、总溶解固体（TDS）和溶解氧（DO）值.同时测定了水样和底泥样品中23种金属元素，Ca是水体中的主要阳离子，水体中离子的平均含量趋势符合Ca > Mg > Fe > K > Na > Mn > Zn > Ba > V > Pb > Cr > Ni > As > Cu > Co > Se > Hg > （Mo、Ag、Sb、Tl、Cd和Be）.采用《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）及地质累积指数（Igeo）分别评价了水质和底泥状况.结果表明，水体中Cu、Se、As、Zn、Cd和Pb均达到Ⅱ类及以上标准，仅Hg是潜在污染物质，Hg含量虽略高（最高达0.3 μg·L-1），但低于《国家生活饮用水卫生标准》（-1）限量；底泥中重金属污染程度较轻，Zn、Pb、Ni、Cu和Cd几乎不存在污染，As是底泥中的主要污染物，其次为Cr.综合各项指标表明帕隆藏布江流域水体水质良好.Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the water quality and characteristics of water chemistry in the Parlung Zangbo River basin, which is the largest tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin. The conventional indices of the water samples were analyzed, including pH, conductivity, salinity(SAL), total dissolved solids(TDS) and dissolved oxygen(DO). Contents of more than 23 metal elements in the water and sediments samples were measured. The results showed that the major cation in the water was Ca. The average concentrations of cations in the water samples followed the order of Ca > Mg > Fe > K > Na > Mn > Zn > Ba > V > Pb > Cr > Ni > As > Cu > Co > Se > Hg > (Mo, Ag, Sb, Tl, Cd and Be). Besides, the water quality and the status of the sediments were evaluated by the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838—2002) and the geoaccumulation index, respectively. As shown in the result, the concentrations of Cu, Se, As, Cd and Pb in the water reached the levels of quality Ⅱ suggested by GB 3838—2002. Hg was the sole potential pollutant in the water. Although, the concentration of Hg(-1) was relatively high, it still reached the Standards for Drinking Water Quality. On the other hand, the major pollutant in the sediments was As, followed by Cr. Other cations including Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cd contributed little to the heavy metal pollution in the sediments. In conclusion, the water in the Parlung Zangbo River basin was of good quality.
-
Key words:
- Parlung Zangbo River basin /
- aquatic chemistry /
- metals /
- Tibet
-
-
[1] 田原,余成群,雒昆利,等.西藏地区天然水的水化学性质和元素特征[J]. 地理学报,2014,69 (7):969-982. TIAN Y, YU C Q, LUO K L, et al. Water chemical properties and the element characteristics of natural water in Tibet, China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(7):969-982 (in Chinese).
[2] 西藏自治区环境保护厅.2016年西藏自治区环境状况公报[N]. 西藏日报,2017-06-05(006). Environmental Protection Department of Tibet Autonomous Region. Bulletin of the environmental situation of the Tibet autonomous region in 2016 [N]. Tibet Daily, 2017-06-05(006) (in Chinese).
[3] KAWASHIMA M, NISHIYAMA T. Salt concentrations and chemical types of lake, river, snow, and hot spring waters from the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Japanese Journal of Limnology, 1989, 50(2):93-104. [4] MITAMURA O, SEIKE Y, KONDO K, et al. First investigation of ultraoligotrophic alpine Lake Puma Yumco in the pre-Himalayas, China[J]. Limnology, 2003, 4(3):167-175. [5] WANG J B, ZHULP, WANG Y, et al. Comparisons between the chemical compositions of lake water, inflowing river water, and lake sediment in Nam Co, central Tibetan Plateau, China and their controlling mechanisms[J]. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2010, 36(4):587-595. [6] 赵平,金建,张海政.西藏羊八井地热田热水的化学组成[J]. 地质科学,1998,33(1):61-72. ZHAO P, JIN J, ZHANG H Z, et al. Chemical composition of thermal water in the Yangbajing geothermal field,Tibet[J]. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1998, 33(1):61-72 (in Chinese).
[7] 王尊波,沈立成,梁作兵,等.西藏搭格架地热区天然水的水化学组成与稳定碳同位素特征[J]. 中国岩溶,2015,34(3):201-208. WANG Z B, SHEN L C, LIANG Z B, et al. Characteristics of hydrochemical compositions and stable carbon isotope of natural water in the Daggyia geothermal field, Tibet, China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2015, 34(3):201-208 (in Chinese).
[8] 李明礼,多吉,王祝,等.西藏日多温泉水化学特征及其物质来源[J]. 中国岩溶,2015,34(3):209-216. LI M L, DUO J, WANG Z, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and material sources of Riduo thermal spring in Tibet[J].Carsologica Sinica, 2015, 34(3):209-216 (in Chinese).
[9] 布多,李明礼,许祖银,等.西藏拉萨河流域巴嘎雪湿地水化学特征[J]. 中国环境科学,2016,36(3):793-797. BUO D, LI M L, XUN Z Y, et al. Study on aquatic chemistry characteristics of Bagaxue wetland in Lhasa river basin, Tibet[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016, 36(3):793-797 (in Chinese).
[10] 朱平一,何子文,汪阳春,等.川藏公路典型山地灾害[M]. 成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999. ZHU P Y, HE Z W, WANG Y C, et al. Typical mountain hazards in Sichuan-Tibet highway[M]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press, 1999 (in Chinese). [11] 程尊兰,时亮,刘建康,等.帕隆藏布江上游冰湖分布及其变化[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(5):8-12. CHENG Z L, SHI L, LIU J K, et al. Distribution and change of glacier lakes in the upper Palongzangbu river[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 32(5):8-12 (in Chinese).
[12] 蒋忠信.西藏帕隆藏布河谷崩塌滑坡、泥石流的分布规律[J]. 地理研究,2002,21(4):495-503. JIANG Z X. Differential distribution regularity of collapse-landslidesand debris flows along Palong Zangbu River Valley in Tibet[J].Geographical Research, 2002, 21(4):495-503 (in Chinese).
[13] 张建禄,边坤,许涛清,等.西藏帕隆藏布秋季浮游生物群落结构特征[J]. 基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(3):647-655. ZHANG J L, BIAN K, XU T Q, et al. Structure characteritic of plankton community in autumn in the Palong Tsangpo River, Tibet[J]. Genomics and Applied Biology, 2016, 35(3):647-655 (in Chinese).
[14] 杨威,姚檀栋,徐柏青,等.近期藏东南帕隆藏布流域冰川的变化特征[J].科学通报,2010,55(18):1775-1780. YANG W, YAO T D, XU B Q, et al. Characteristics of recent temperat glacier fluctuations in the Parlang Zangbo River basin, soutbeast Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(18):1775-1780 (in Chinese).
[15] 国家环保总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002. Chinese National Environmental Protection Agency. Monitoring and analysis methods for water and wastewater (Fourth Edition)[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2002 (in Chinese). [16] [17] World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for drinking water quality[S]. 3rd ed. Geneva, 2005. [18] ZHANG L, CHENG B B, HE M, et al. Hydrophilic polymer monolithic capillary microextraction online coupled to ICP-MS for the determination of carboxyl group-containing gold nanoparticles in environmental waters[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 87(3):1789-1796. [19] XIA L B, WU Y L, JIANG Z C, et al. Speciation of Fe(Ⅲ) and Fe(Ⅱ) in water samples by liquid-liquid extraction combined with low-temperature electrothermal vaporization (ETV) ICP-AES[J]. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2003, 83(11):953-962. [20] HUANG J, KANG S C, ZHANG Q Q, et al. Characterizations of wet mercury deposition on a remote high-elevation site in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau[J], Environmental Pollution, 2015, 206:518-526. [21] SHAO J J, SHI J B, BU D, et al. Trace metal profiles in mosses and lichens from the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau[J], RSC Advances, 2016, 6:541-546. [22] 刘晖,张昭,李伟.梁子湖水体和底泥中微量元素及重金属的空间分布格局及污染评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(Z1):105-111. LIU H, ZHANG Z, LI W. Spatial distribution and pollution evaluation of trace elements and heavy metals in the water and sediments of Lake Liangzi[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2011, 20(Z1):105-111 (in Chinese).
[23] LI T. Element abundances of China's continental crust and its sedimentary layer and upper continental crust[J], Geochimica, 1994, 23:140-145. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1785
- HTML全文浏览数: 1751
- PDF下载数: 274
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
