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挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)来源广泛且难降解,对全球气候变暖起着推动作用[1-3],芳香族和脂肪族有机化合物是VOCs的重要组分[2-4],有研究[5]表明,苯系物占目前大气中排放的挥发性有机污染物总量的50%以上。氯苯类(chlorobenzenes,CBs)物质在农药、染料和其他化学品制造中作为溶剂和反应物被广泛使用,在环境中广泛存在[6-7]。间二氯苯作为氯代苯系物的一种,具有刺激性气味,能够引发头晕、恶心等症状[8],具有生物毒性,可以导致生物体内内分泌紊乱、各项机能失调、神经行为和发育紊乱,甚至存在致癌的风险[9],被美国环境保护署归为优先污染物[10]。生物净化氯苯因其无二次污染、操作简单、处理效果好等优点,越来越受到人们的关注[11-13]。生物法处理氯苯,就是将废气中氯苯与载体上的生物膜充分接触,通过微生物的代谢将废气中有害的氯苯转化为无害的物质(CO2、水等)[14]。生物净化法在水溶性较好或者恶臭气体的工程应用方面效果显著,欧洲约有8 000座废气生物净化装置投入运行,对VOCs的去除率可以达到90%以上[15-16]。目前,生物净化苯系物的目标物主要是易于生物降解且毒性较低的物质,包括苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯等,对于CBs的生物净化处理研究[17-21]还不够深入。针对不同种类的VOCs,筛选和分离纯化出具有特殊效果的菌株尤为关键。许多国内外学者在获得和选育VOCs高效降解菌方面做了大量的研究工作,已报道的菌株主要分为霉菌和真菌2种:霉菌包括青霉属[22]、外瓶霉属[23];真菌包括假单胞菌属[24]、肠杆菌属[25]、克雷伯氏菌[26]等。
本研究从芦苇根系土壤中筛选出1株能够以间二氯苯为唯一碳源和能源的优势降解菌(Brevibacillus agri),考察其在生物滴滤器中降解间二氯苯的性能,研究空床停留时间、进气浓度和进气负荷等因素对生物滴滤器降解性能的影响,确定优势菌株在生物滴滤器微生物群落结构中的占比,为工业化处理间二氯苯提供参考。
生物滴滤器处理间二氯苯废气的性能分析
Performance analysis of m-dichlorobenzene waste gas treatment by biotrickling filter
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摘要: 从土壤中筛选1株能够降解间二氯苯能力的菌株,鉴定为土壤短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus agri),该优势菌最佳生长条件为:降解时间48 h,菌液接种量10%,pH=7,温度25 ℃。以间二氯苯为模拟有机废气,采用生物滴滤器接种土壤短芽孢杆菌的方法对其进行生物处理。结果表明,在空床停留时间为90 s、进气浓度为1 000 mg·m−3、进气负荷为60 g·(m3·h)−1条件下,间二氯苯的去除率可以维持在85%以上。生物滴滤器稳定运行后,菌体表面官能团发生改变,通过傅里叶红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱分析发现,菌株通过逐步加氧羧化后开环降解间二氯苯;对菌株再进行16S rRNA基因序列的同源性分析发现,生物膜中Brevibacillus agri占比达69.39%,并可以良好生长。研究可为间二氯苯的工业化处理提供参考。Abstract: In this study, a strain with m-dichlorobenzene degradability was screened from the soil and identified as Brevibacillus agri. The experimental results showed that the optimal growth conditions of the dominant bacteria were following: degradation time of 48 h, inoculum percent of 10%, pH=7, 25 ℃. Then m-dichlorobenzene was used to simulate organic waste gas, which was treated by a biotrickling filter inoculated with Brevibacillus agri. The results showed when the empty bed residence time was 90 s, the intake gas concentration was 1 000 mg·m−3, and the intake load rate was 60 g·(m3·h)−1, the removal rate of m-dichlorobenzene could be maintained above 85%. After the biotrickling filter was stably operated, the functional groups on the surface of the cells were changed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the degradation of m-dichlorobenzene was through the oxygenation-carboxylation-ring-opening pathway. 16S rRNA gene cloning and phylogenetic analysis performed on the strain showed that the proportion of Brevibacillus agri was up to 69.39%, and it presented a good growth in the biotrickling filter. This study can provide reference for the industrial scale treatment of dichlorobenzene.
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Key words:
- m-dichlorobenzene /
- Brevibacillus agri /
- functional group /
- biotrickling filter /
- biological treatment
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