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苯胺是化工、印染等工业废水中的常见污染物,其结构中的芳香环和胺基对微生物具有很强的毒性[1]。苯胺类废水的可生化性较差,不易用生物法有效处理[2],而吸附法、光催化氧化法、电化学法等常用处理方法存在费用高、效率低、可能引发二次污染等问题[3]。因此,为防治苯胺类废水污染,减轻其危害,亟需开发经济、高效、环保的苯胺废水处理方法。
目前,城镇污水处理厂基于经济性和运行效果的综合考虑,多选择基于活性污泥的A2/O工艺。但常规的A2/O工艺易受有毒物质影响,且存在硝化菌和反硝化菌泥龄不平衡的问题,脱氮效率受到限制[4-5],苯胺难以有效降解。因此,如能对A2/O系统进行强化,使之能更有效地处理苯胺废水,将对该类废水处理提供现实借鉴。近年来,固定化包埋技术在污水处理领域成为研究热点[6]。投加到污泥系统中的包埋菌可改善污泥菌群,增强系统耐冲击负荷性能[7],提高对苯胺等污染物的去除能力。同时,包埋菌不随污泥回流,可避免功能菌群流失,解决常规A2/O系统菌群泥龄不平衡的问题。以上优点令该技术具备应用上的潜在价值,而目前针对苯胺废水在A2/O工艺中的处理,使用包埋菌进行生物强化的研究还鲜见报道。
为研究包埋菌生物强化A2/O系统对苯胺废水的处理效果,本研究采用好氧、厌氧型包埋菌对常规A2/O系统进行生物强化,并研究了常规A2/O和生物强化A2/O对废水中化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(
${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N)的去除性能,此外,进一步考察了系统内活性污泥比好氧呼吸速率(specific oxygen uptake rate, SOUR)、胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)和微生物菌群结构的变化情况,从微生物角度揭示处理能力变化原因,为城镇污水处理厂高效处理苯胺类工业废水提供参考。
新型生物强化A2/O系统在苯胺废水处理中的应用
Application of a new biologically enhanced A2/O system in aniline wastewater treatment
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摘要: 针对常规A2/O系统中污泥菌群泥龄不平衡、易受有毒物质毒害而难以有效处理苯胺类废水的问题,采用经驯化并固定的包埋菌对A2/O系统进行强化。考察了常规A2/O系统和生物强化A2/O系统对氨氮(
${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N)、总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(COD)的去除效能,且研究了强化前后系统微生物的响应情况。结果表明:随着常规A2/O系统随进水中苯胺组分的提高,脱氮能力明显下降,TN去除率由76.46%下降到34.28%,${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N去除率由97.63%下降到31.82%;在包埋菌强化后,A2/O系统TN和${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N去除率分别恢复至73.09%和93.30%,同时能有效处理60 mg·L−1苯胺。污泥微生物响应结果显示,生物强化A2/O系统中活性污泥的比好氧呼吸速率(SOUR)和胞外聚合物(EPS)含量明显上升,说明污泥活性增强,抵御有毒物质能力提高。污泥微生物在属水平上,Zoogloea(动胶菌属)、Flavobacterium(黄杆菌属)和Brevundimonas(短波单胞菌属)等具有硝化和反硝化功能的菌属在强化后的相对丰度增加,这表明系统脱氮能力得到增强。生物强化A2/O系统实现了苯胺类工业废水的有效处理,可为工程应用提供参考。Abstract: The activated sludge in conventional A2/O system is difficult to effectively treat aniline wastewater since it has unbalanced retention time and is easily subjected to the toxicity of pollutants. In this study, the acclimatized and immobilized bacteria were adopted to strengthen A2/O system. The removal performances of ammonia nitrogen (${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N), total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (COD) by both the conventional and enhanced A2/O systems were studied, as well as the microbial response the system before and after the enhancement. The results showed that the nitrogen removal efficiency of the conventional A2/O system decreased significantly with the increase of aniline content in influent, TN removal rate decreased from 76.46% to 34.28% and${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N removal rate decreased from 97.63% to 31.82%. After enhancement by immobilized bacteria, TN and${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N removal rates were restored to 73.09% and 93.30%, respectively, and the A2/O system could effectively treat 60 mg·L−1 aniline simultaneously. The results of the microbial response in activated sludge indicated that the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) increased significantly in the biologically enhanced A2/O system, suggesting that the sludge activity and the ability to defense toxic substance were improved. At the genus level, the relative abundance of bacteria, such as Zoogloea, Flavobacterium, Brevundimonas which possess nitrifying and denitrifying functions, increased after enhancement, and the nitrogen removal ability of the system was enhanced significantly. The enhanced A2/O with immobilized bacteria realized the effective treatment of aniline wastewater, which provided technical support for engineering applications.-
Key words:
- aniline wastewater /
- A2/O /
- bioaugmentation /
- pollutant removal /
- microbial response
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