湖泊环境因子空间异质性及其对食物网结构的影响研究—以白洋淀为例
Spatial Heterogeneity of Lake Environmental Factors and Their Effects on Food Web Structure: A Case Study of Baiyangdian Lake
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摘要: 湖泊环境因子变化会影响食物网和生态系统结构。为了明晰湖泊环境因子空间变化对食物网结构的影响，本研究选取白洋淀为研究区，分别于2018年4月(春季)和8月(夏季)采集水体、沉积物和生物样品。淀区共设置32个采样点，根据土地利用类型划分为3个不同区域：重度干扰区(生境1)、中度干扰区(生境2)和轻度干扰区(生境3)。本研究分析了水体、沉积物的主要理化因子和食物网结构的时空变化，利用模糊聚类法阐明环境因子空间变化对食物网结构的影响，运用空间自相关分析环境因子的空间异质性，利用典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)和偏最小二乘回归分析识别影响食物网结构的关键环境因子。结果表明：(1)就物理生境条件而言，水深(water depth, WD)、pH、温度(temperature, T)、透明度(transparence, Tran)和溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)最大值均在生境3；而就水化学条件而言，总氮(total nitrogen, TNsediment)、总磷(total phosphorus, TPsediment)和总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOCs)最大值均在生境2；(2)模糊聚类分析表明，环境因子数值越大，食物网结构特征指数越低，食物网结构越不稳定；(3)空间自相关分析表明，T、Tran、pH和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)莫兰指数分别为0.14、0.10、0.44和0.37，其值呈现正相关，在空间上形成高低聚类；(4)CCA和偏最小二乘回归分析结果表明，WD、TPwater、TNsediment和T是影响白洋淀食物网结构的关键环境因子。因此，在全球气候变化和快速城市化背景下，应重点监测T、WD和营养盐。Abstract: The changes in environmental factors can influence the food web and ecosystem structure of lake ecosystems. In order to clarify the impacts of spatial changes of environmental factors on food web structure, Baiyangdian Lake was selected as the study area, and the water, sediment, and biological samples were collected in April (spring) and August (summer) 2018, respectively. 32 sampling sites were set up in the lake, which can be divided into 3 different areas according to land use: high-level disturbance area (Habitat 1), middle-level disturbance area (Habitat 2), and low-level disturbance area (Habitat 3). First, the study analyzed the spatial and temporal changes of major physicochemical factors in water and sediment and dominant biological populations. Fuzzy clustering method was used to elucidate the effects of spatial changes for environmental factors on the structure of food web. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of environmental factors. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and partial least squares regression analysis were applied to identify the key factors influencing the structure of food web. The results showed that: (1) in terms of physical habitat conditions, the maximum values of water depth (WD), pH, temperature (T), transparency (Tran), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were found in habitat 3; in terms of chemical parameters, the maximum values of total nitrogen (TNsediment), total phosphorus (TPsediment), and total organic carbon (TOCs) were found in habitat 2; (2) fuzzy cluster analysis showed that with the environmental factors increasing, the structural characteristic index of food web decreased, and the food web structure was unstable; (3) spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the Moran index of T, Tran, pH, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 0.14, 0.10, 0.44 and 0.37, respectively indicating a positive correlation and high-low cluster in space; (4) the results of CCA and partial least squares regression analysis showed that WD, TPwater, TNsediment, and T were the key factors affecting the structure of food web in Baiyangdian Lake. Therefore, in the context of global climate change and rapid urbanization, more attention should be paid to T, WD, and nutrients.
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Key words:
- Baiyangdian Lake /
- environmental factors /
- spatial heterogeneity /
- food web structure /
- ecosystem
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