不同湿度条件下甲醛暴露致大鼠认知功能损伤及毒理学机制研究
Cognitive Impairment and Toxicology-Mechanism of Formaldehyde Exposure under Different Humidity Conditions in Rats
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摘要: 探讨不同湿度条件下甲醛暴露对大鼠认知功能的影响及毒理学机制。取SPF级6~8周龄雌性SD大鼠48只，随机分为6组：对照组(Control组)、甲醛组(FA组)、低湿度组(60% Hum组)、中湿度组(75% Hum组)、高湿度组(90% Hum组)和高湿度联合甲醛组(90% Hum+FA组)。不同湿度组分别置于(60%/75%/90%)环境仓中暴露，FA组采用职业气态方式暴露(3 mg·m-3，8 h·d-1，5 d·周-1)，连续21 d后观察Morris水迷宫和旷场实验结果，苏木精-伊红染色法(HE)、尼氏染色观察各组大鼠海马神经元的形态学变化，免疫荧光法和免疫印迹实验(Western Blot)检测瞬时受体电位香草素受体4(TRPV4)、闭合蛋白(Occludin)和紧密连接蛋白5(Claudin-5)的蛋白表达水平。与Control组相比，不同湿度组和FA组大鼠的认知功能下降，海马神经元数量减少，且随湿度升高而加剧(P<0.05)；与FA组、90% Hum组分别比较，90% Hum+FA组认知功能和海马神经元损伤加剧，且TRPV4表达升高，Occludin和Claudin-5表达降低，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高湿度和甲醛联合暴露可能通过激活TRPV4离子通道，下调Occludin和Claudin-5表达，加剧大鼠海马神经元的损伤，使认知功能进一步下降。
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关键词:
- 湿度 /
- 甲醛 /
- 瞬时受体电位香草素受体4 /
- 认知功能 /
- 海马
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the impact of formaldehyde exposure under varying humidity levels on cognitive function and toxicological mechanisms in rats. 48 female SD rats aged 6～8 weeks in SPF grade were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, formaldehyde group (FA group), low humidity group (60% Hum group), medium humidity group (75% Hum group), high humidity group (90% Hum group) and high humidity combined with formaldehyde group (90% Hum+FA group). Different humidity groups were placed in environmental chambers set at 60%, 75%, and 90% humidity levels. FA group was exposed in occupational gaseous mode (3 mg·m-3, 8 h·d-1, 5 d·week-1). After 21 days of exposure, cognitive function and hippocampal neuron changes were assessed using the Morris water maze and open field experiment. Morphological changes in rat hippocampal neurons were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Nissl staining. Protein expression levels of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), Occludin and Claudin-5 were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. The results showed that cognitive function and hippocampal neuron numbers decreased in the different humidity groups compared to the control and FA groups, with more significant effects observed at higher humidity levels (P<0.05). The combined exposure to high humidity and formaldehyde exacerbated the damage to cognitive function and hippocampal neurons, leading to increased TRPV4 expression and decreased Occludin and Claudin-5 levels (P<0.05). High humidity combined with formaldehyde exposure may worsen hippocampal neuron damage and cognitive function by enhancing TRPV4 ion channel activity and reducing Occludin and Claudin-5 expression.-
Key words:
- humidity /
- formaldehyde /
- transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 /
- cognitive function /
- hippocampus
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