入太湖河流及沿线流域中有机磷杀菌剂的污染状况及生态风险研究
Pollution Status and Ecological Risk of Organophosphorus Fungicides in Rivers Entering the Taihu Lake and Watershed along the Rivers
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摘要: 研究入太湖河流及沿线流域中有机磷杀菌剂(organphosphorus fungicides, OPFs)的污染状况和环境生态风险。采用固相萃取(solid phase extraction, SPE)和气相色谱(gas chromatography, GC)联用方法测定丰水期和枯水期低毒类有机磷杀菌剂在水体、悬浮颗粒(suspended particulate matter, SPM)和沉积物中的种类、含量和分布情况，并评估其生态风险。敌瘟磷(edifenphos, EDF)，稻瘟净(kitazine, EBP)和异稻瘟净(iprobenfos, IPB)为该流域常见OPFs，在水样、SPM样和沉积物样中的含量分别为0.38~5.92 μg·L-1、1.24~10.37 μg·g-1、0.52~7.04 μg·g-1，且枯水期检测浓度小于丰水期；水样和SPM样品中EDF为主要污染物，沉积物样中EDF和IPB为主要污染物；OPFs的水-沉积物相的平均分配系数要高于水-SPM相，EDF具有更高Kd1值，IPB具有更高的Kd2值，并且枯水期EDF和IPB的Kd1和Kd2值相比丰水期提升，EDF相对其他OPFs更容易迁移至SPM相和沉积物相中。潜在污染源分析发现OPFs可能来源于小麦和水稻等农作物的杀菌剂夏季定期喷洒和农田污水排放；生态风险商法(RQ)评估发现，OPFs对流域内水生生物具有潜在生态风险。EDF对鱼类具有高风险(RQ>1)，EBP和IPB对流域内鱼类，甲壳类和藻类生物具有中等风险(0.1Abstract: The pollution status and environmental ecological risks of organophosphorus fungicides (OPFs) in the rivers flowing into the Taihu Lake and along the rivers were studied. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography (GC) were used to determine the types, contents, and distribution of low toxicity OPFs in water bodies, suspended particles (SPM), and sediments during the wet and dry seasons, and to evaluate their ecological risks. Edifenphos (EDF), kitazine (EBP), and iprobenfos (IPB) are common OPFs in the watershed, with concentrations of 0.38-5.92 μg·L-1, 1.24-10.37 μg·g-1, and 0.52-7.04 μg·g-1 in water samples, SPM samples, and sediment samples, respectively. The detected concentrations during the dry season are lower than those during the wet season. EDF is the main pollutant in water samples and SPM samples, while EDF and IPB are the main pollutants in sediment samples. The average distribution coefficient of water sediment phase in OPFs is higher than that in water SPM phase, EDF has a higher Kd1 value, IPB has a higher Kd2 value, and the Kd1 and Kd2 values of EDF and IPB during the dry season are higher than those during the wet season, EDF is relatively easier to migrate to SPM and sedimentary phases compared to other OPFs. Potential pollution source analysis found that OPFs may come from regular summer spraying of fungicides on crops such as wheat and rice, as well as agricultural wastewater discharge. The ecological risk quotient (RQ) assessment found that, OPFs pose potential ecological risks to aquatic organisms in the watershed. EDF has high risk (RQ>1), while EBP and IPB have moderate risk (0.1
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Key words:
- organophosphorus pesticides /
- Taihu Lake /
- ecological risk /
- fungicide /
- pollution situation
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