流溪河流域地下水水化学时空特征及源辨析
Spatial and seasonal geochemical and stable isotopic characteristics of groundwater associated with flow system and source identification in Liuxi River catchment
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摘要: 流溪河承担了广州市白云区供水的重任，流域内的地下水作为应急水源具有重要的战略意义和生态维持作用.为合理开发利用流溪河流域地下水，了解地下水的形成及其离子的迁移和转化规律，分别于2015年8月和12月共采集90个地下水水样，通过分析地下水化学特征、稳定同位素D和18O分布规律，并利用Gibbs分布图和相关性分析揭示旱季和雨季的地下水化学时空分布特征、地下水及离子来源.结果表明，研究区地下水主要受降水补给.空间上，上游区受人类活动影响比中下游区小，从上游到下游区，水化学类型总体从Ca-HCO3型和Ca-Na-HCO3型向Ca-Na-HCO3-Cl型、Ca-Na-Cl-HCO3型和Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3型转变，地层的岩性对于地下水类型影响较大；时间上，水化学特征季节性差异不显著.流域内主离子的来源主要为岩石风化，Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+与HCO3-的来源以碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩风化为主，其中，碳酸盐岩的风化占主导地位；NO3-和Cl-主要来自人类生活污染的输入，NH4+ 与TP主要来源于面源污染.Abstract: Liuxi River is the main local river in Guangzhou and plays an important role in water supply for Baiyun District. Groundwater in this catchment remains critical in terms of strategical use and ecological maintenance, and has been used historically for domestic water supply in the villages. Ninety water samples were collected from the monitoring wells in August and December, 2015, i.e. wet and dry seasons respectively, to investigate spatial and seasonal patterns of geochemical characteristics by measuring the contents of major ions and stable isotopes of 18O and deuterium. Sources of major ions and possible sources of groundwater were identified by geochemical approaches, e.g. Gibbs pattern, Piper Diagram and correlation analysis. The groundwater in Liuxi River Catchment was found to be meteoric source with isotopic values falling on the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL). The influences of human activities on groundwater quality were stronger in middle-lower reaches than those in the upper reaches. Geochemical pattern remains relatively stable, and no significant seasonal differences were found between wet and dry period. However, spatial pattern was recognized in the Piper Diagram with Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Na-HCO3 types in the upper reach and Ca-Na-HCO3-Cl, Ca-Na-Cl-HCO3 and Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 types in the lower reach. Based on the Gibbs ratio and correlation coefficient among major ions, natural source was assumed to be rock weathering, while Ca2+, Mg2+,Na+ and HCO3- were mainly from weathering of silicate and dominant carbonatite. NO3- and Cl- mainly came from anthropogenic pollution, while NH4+ and TP were found to be associated with non-point sources.
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