北京市一次重污染天气下大气颗粒物中PCDD/Fs、PCNs、PCBs粒径分布特征及呼吸暴露风险评估
Size distribution of PCDD/Fs, PCNs and PCBs and risk assessment of respiratory exposure in atmospheric particulate matter during a heavy pollution episode in Beijing
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摘要: 本研究于2017年5月4日至7日，采集了北京城区一次重污染天气下4种不同粒径段（>10 μm、5-10 μm、2.5-5 μm、<2.5 μm）大气颗粒物样本，并采集了晴朗天气样本作为对照.首先，测定了各粒径段颗粒物中17种2，3，7，8-PCDD/Fs、三氯代至八氯代PCNs及12种dl-PCBs单体的含量，进而对这些化合物的粒径分布特征及呼吸暴露风险进行了分析和评估.结果表明，在本次重污染天气下，北京城区大气颗粒物中PCDD/Fs、PCNs、dl-PCBs浓度依次为8.03、6.68、1.18 pg·m-3，明显高于晴朗天气.PCDD/Fs、PCNs、dl-PCBs主要富集于粒径<2.5 μm的细颗粒物中，含量分别达到86.5%、47.9%、39.8%.PCNs、dl-PCBs大致呈现出随颗粒物粒径减小，其高氯代同系物相对富集量增加的趋势.通过呼吸暴露风险评估发现，本次重污染天气下大气颗粒物中PCDD/Fs、PCNs、dl-PCBs致癌风险分别为1.1×10-5、1.4×10-7、2.2×10-7，总致癌风险是晴朗天气下的33倍.PCDD/Fs对总致癌风险贡献率为96.7%，是需优先控制的持久性有机污染物.Abstract: From May 4th to 7th, 2017, atmospheric particulate matter of 4 different sizes (>10 μm, 5-10 μm, 2.5-5 μm, <2.5 μm) were collected in Beijing during a heavy pollution episode and the clear episode sample was collected as contral. The concentrations of 17 species, 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs, tri-to octa-chlorinated naphthalene, and 12 dl-PCBs congeners in different particle size fractions were determined, and then size distribution and exposure risk of these compounds were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCNs and dl-PCBs in atmospheric particulate matter were 8.03, 6.68 and 1.18 pg·m-3 during the heavy pollution episode in urban area of Beijing, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the clear episode. PCDD/Fs, PCNs and dl-PCBs were mainly found in fine particles with particle size <2.5 μm, accounting for 86.5%, 47.9% and 39.8% of the total concentrations, respectively. The proportion of high chlorinated PCNs and PCBs homologues in a fraction increased as the particle size decreased. According to the results of the risk assessment, the cancer risks of PCDD/Fs, PCNs and dl-PCBs in atmospheric particulate matter by inhalation were 1.1×10-5, 1.4×10-7 and 2.2×10-7, respectively. They were 33 times higher than that of the clear episode. The contribution rate of PCDD/Fs to total cancer risk was 96.7%, so PCDD/Fs should be controlled as a priority persistent organic pollutant.
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