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沙颍河流域水环境重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

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丁婷婷, 李强, 杜士林, 刘亚峰, 张亚辉, 张瑾, 王一喆, 何连生. 沙颍河流域水环境重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 环境化学, 2019, (10): 2386-2401. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018121806
引用本文: 丁婷婷, 李强, 杜士林, 刘亚峰, 张亚辉, 张瑾, 王一喆, 何连生. 沙颍河流域水环境重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 环境化学, 2019, (10): 2386-2401. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018121806
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DING Tingting, LI Qiang, DU Shilin, LIU Yafeng, ZHANG Yahui, ZHANG Jin, WANG Yizhe, HE Liansheng. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Shaying River Basin[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2019, (10): 2386-2401. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018121806
Citation: DING Tingting, LI Qiang, DU Shilin, LIU Yafeng, ZHANG Yahui, ZHANG Jin, WANG Yizhe, HE Liansheng. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Shaying River Basin[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2019, (10): 2386-2401. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018121806
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沙颍河流域水环境重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

  • 1. 安徽建筑大学环境与能源工程学院, 安徽省水污染控制与废水资源化重点实验室, 合肥, 230601;

  • 2. 中国环境科学研究院, 环境分析测试技术中心, 北京, 100012;

  • 3. 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林, 541004;

  • 4. 清华大学新兴有机污染物控制北京市重点实验室, 北京, 100084

    • 通讯作者: 张亚辉, E-mail: zhangyahui@craes.org.cn ; 
  • 基金项目:

    水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07602-003），国家自然科学基金（21677001，21207002）和安徽省自然科学基金（1708085MB50）资助.

Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Shaying River Basin

  • 1. Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Wastewater Resource of Anhui Province, College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China;

  • 2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory of CRAES, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China;

  • 3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China;

  • 4. Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    • Corresponding author: ZHANG Yahui, zhangyahui@craes.org.cn ; 
  • Fund Project: Supported by the National Science and Technology Project of Water Pollution Control and Abatement of China (2017ZX07602-003),the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21677001, 21207002) and Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (1708085MB50).

  • 摘要: 为了研究沙颍河流域水环境重金属污染分布特征，于2018年7月采集了沙颍河流域40个样点的水样和表层底泥的样品，测定9种重金属（Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Mn和Ni）的含量.结果表明，沙颍河流域水体中9种重金属的平均含量分别为1.30、9.09、2.87、0.24、0.14、0.38、0.96、56.82、0.95 μg·L-1，其中Hg和Mn超过GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》，超标率分别为17.5%和5.0%.表层底泥中9种重金属的平均含量分别为23.38、86.62、10.72、0.14、0.34、55.26、24.01、536.99、30.79 μg·g-1，均超过了河南省土壤背景值，其中Hg和Cd的超标率高达90%和97%.内梅罗综合污染指数法表明沙颍河地表水各重金属污染程度为Hg > Mn > As > Ni > Cd > Zn=Pb=Cr > Cu，地表水有18%达到重度污染水平，主要污染物是Hg，其次是Mn.潜在生态风险指数法表明，沙颍河表层底泥各金属污染程度为Hg > Cd > Ni > As > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn > Mn，其中Hg和Cd是最主要的生态风险贡献因子.总体而言，表层底泥的污染较地表水污染更为严重.聚类分析方法把沙颍河流域水体污染源大致分为3类.地表水中，Hg和Mn相关的污染源主要为金属矿山冶炼、塑料电池、电子工业等行业的废水排放，底泥中与Cd相关的污染源主要为冶炼、加工排放的废水.与Hg相关的污染源主要为金属矿山冶炼、电力、化学原料及化学品制造、机械制造、造纸等行业.
    Abstract: In order to study the distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollution in the water environment of Shaying River Basin, water samples and surface sediment samples from 40 sites were collected in July 2018, and 9 heavy metals (Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn and Ni) were determined. The results showed that the average content of 9 heavy metals in surface water of Shaying River Basin were 1.30, 9.09, 2.87, 0.24, 0.14, 0.38, 0.96, 56.82 and 0.95 μg·L-1, respectively. 17.5% of Hg and 5.0% of Mn exceeded the Environmental Quality Standard for surface water (GB 3838-2002). The average contents of 9 heavy metals in surface sediment were 23.38, 86.62, 10.72, 0.14, 0.34, 55.26, 24.01, 536.99 and 30.79 μg·g-1, respectively. All the elements exceeded their background values in the soil of Henan Province, among which the overshooting rates of Hg and Cd were 90% and 97%, respectively. The degree of heavy metal contamination in the water decreased in the following order with the method of Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (Pi):Hg > Mn > As > Ni > Cd > Zn=Pb=Cr > Cu. About 18% of surface water was found to be seriously polluted and the main pollutant was Hg, followed by Mn. It was revealed that the main pollution factors in sediment was Hg and Cd, the sequence of ecological risk was Hg > Cd > Ni > As > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn > Mn with the method of potential ecological risk index. In general, sediment pollution was more serious than surface water pollution. The results indicated that there have three major sources of pollution in the Shaying River Basin using the method of cluster analysis. In the surface water, the pollution sources of Hg and Mn could be attributed to the wastewater discharge in metal mine smelting, plastic battery, electronics industry. In the sediment, the pollution source of Cd was mainly related to the wastewater discharge in smelting and processing, and Hg was mainly related to the metal mine smelting, electric power, chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing, machinery manufacturing, papermaking and other industries.
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  • 收稿日期:  2018-12-18

沙颍河流域水环境重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

    通讯作者: 张亚辉, E-mail: zhangyahui@craes.org.cn ; 
  • 1. 安徽建筑大学环境与能源工程学院, 安徽省水污染控制与废水资源化重点实验室, 合肥, 230601;
  • 2. 中国环境科学研究院, 环境分析测试技术中心, 北京, 100012;
  • 3. 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林, 541004;
  • 4. 清华大学新兴有机污染物控制北京市重点实验室, 北京, 100084
  • 收稿日期:  2018-12-18
基金项目:

水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07602-003），国家自然科学基金（21677001，21207002）和安徽省自然科学基金（1708085MB50）资助.

摘要: 为了研究沙颍河流域水环境重金属污染分布特征，于2018年7月采集了沙颍河流域40个样点的水样和表层底泥的样品，测定9种重金属（Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Mn和Ni）的含量.结果表明，沙颍河流域水体中9种重金属的平均含量分别为1.30、9.09、2.87、0.24、0.14、0.38、0.96、56.82、0.95 μg·L-1，其中Hg和Mn超过GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》，超标率分别为17.5%和5.0%.表层底泥中9种重金属的平均含量分别为23.38、86.62、10.72、0.14、0.34、55.26、24.01、536.99、30.79 μg·g-1，均超过了河南省土壤背景值，其中Hg和Cd的超标率高达90%和97%.内梅罗综合污染指数法表明沙颍河地表水各重金属污染程度为Hg > Mn > As > Ni > Cd > Zn=Pb=Cr > Cu，地表水有18%达到重度污染水平，主要污染物是Hg，其次是Mn.潜在生态风险指数法表明，沙颍河表层底泥各金属污染程度为Hg > Cd > Ni > As > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn > Mn，其中Hg和Cd是最主要的生态风险贡献因子.总体而言，表层底泥的污染较地表水污染更为严重.聚类分析方法把沙颍河流域水体污染源大致分为3类.地表水中，Hg和Mn相关的污染源主要为金属矿山冶炼、塑料电池、电子工业等行业的废水排放，底泥中与Cd相关的污染源主要为冶炼、加工排放的废水.与Hg相关的污染源主要为金属矿山冶炼、电力、化学原料及化学品制造、机械制造、造纸等行业.

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