广东经济鱼类不饱和脂肪酸的含量分析与组成特征评价
The levels and evaluation of component characteristics of unsaturated fatty acids in Guangdong economic fish species
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摘要: 采用水解提取-气相色谱法测定鱼肉中脂肪酸的含量和组成，采用元素分析仪-同位素比值质谱法（EA-IRMS）测定鱼肉碳稳定同位素比值（δ13C）.开展广东沿海地区主要经济鱼类肌肉脂肪酸的含量分析及组成特征评价研究.研究表明，25种经济鱼类鱼肉中主要含有单不饱和脂肪酸、n-6和n-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸，以及少量反式脂肪酸（TFAs）；鱼肉的优势脂肪酸为油酸（OA）、亚油酸（LA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）；鲻鱼含有较高的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和DHA，合计370.0 mg·（100 g）-1；鲻鱼鱼肉中TFAs的含量（280.0 mg·（100 g）-1）远高于其它品种鱼类；鲢鱼和黑鲷EPA+DHA的含量较高，分别为（154.4±100.0 mg·（100 g）-1和1287±291.1 mg·（100 g）-1，两种鱼均具有较好的商业开发价值；统计学分析结果表明了鱼类的不饱和脂肪酸在组成上具有种属差异，揭示了浮游食性的鱼类其鱼肉组织中MUFAs、n-6 PUFAs以及n-3 PUFAs的含量高于底栖食性的鱼类.鱼肉脂肪酸的组成差异较大，表现为品种、空间以及食性差异.建议市民在日常膳食中丰富食鱼的种类和数量，警惕过多地食用单一品种鱼类（尤其是鲻鱼）而导致TFAs摄入过多的风险，从而确保鱼类脂肪酸的平衡摄入.Abstract: The study on the levels and the composition characteristics of the fatty acids in the fish muscles from coastal southern China was carried out. The concentrations and composition of the fatty acids were determined by digestion extraction-gas chromatography, while the δ13C values in fish muscles were tested by Elemental Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. As a result, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fish muscles of most of the 25 commercial fish species, to be noticed, trans-fatty acids (TFAs) were also detected. The dominant fatty acids were found to be oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and docose hexaenoie acid (DHA). A relatively high amount of eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) and DHA was detected in bluespot mullet muscle (370.0 mg·(100 g)-1), but unexpectedly, this fish also brought a relatively higher level of TFAs (280.0 mg·(100 g)-1) than other fish species. The concentrations of the sum of EPA and DHA were relative higher in Silver carp and Gilthead seabream than other fish species, i.e. 154.4±100.0 and 1287±291.1 mg·(100 g)-1, respectively. It means that,both of the Silver carp and Gilthead seabream have good commercial value. The results of statistical analysis demonstrated the species variation in composition of unsaturated fatty acids in the fish species, and indicated that the levels of MUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and n-3 PUFAs were higher in pelagic fish than benthic fish. The composition of fatty acids in fish muscles is various, with differences in species, space and habitats, and feeding habits. It should be noted that fish eaters should take into consideration about the excessive intake of TFAs (especially when eating the bluespot mullet). And it is recommended that the public should enrich the type and the quantity of fish in the diet to ensure a balanced intake of fatty acids.
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