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核技术的广泛应用,会产生大量含有铀、钚等核素的放射性的废物。其具有毒性大,衰变时间长等特点,如不妥善处理将会对人类和生态造成长久的危害[1—4]。放射性废物中的铀在水相环境下一般以U(Ⅳ)和U(Ⅵ)的方式存在,四价铀具有很强的还原性,易被氧化为六价铀以
$ {\mathrm{U}\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{2+} $ 的形式存在于水相环境中,若处于地下水环境中,还会与地下水中的杂质离子反应,形成多种铀酰化合物[5-6]。如何安全、有效的处理这些放射性核素是目前急需解决的问题,常用的U(Ⅵ)处理方法有离子交换法、吸附法、化学沉淀法、电化学处理法、膜分离法等[7—13]。这些方法普遍存在投入高、消耗大等不足。材料吸附法作为一种简单易操作的方法被广泛应用于去除溶液中的U(Ⅵ)。粘土岩矿物作为一种常用的吸附材料,具有不透水,自封闭性良好、吸附能力强等优点,因此受到广泛的关注。3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(3-APTES)能够增加粘土岩表面的吸附位点,增强粘土岩的吸附性能。因此,3-APTES已经作为一种常用的改性附载材料被应用到很多领域中。
本实验利用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷对粘土岩进行改性,测试其吸附性能并探究其吸附U(Ⅵ)的反应机理,为缓冲回填材料提供更好的选择,为其在地质处置中的应用提供基础理论依据。
3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(3-APTES)改性粘土岩的制备及其对铀U(Ⅵ)的吸附
Preparation of 3-APTES modified clay rock and its adsorption for U(Ⅵ)
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摘要: 本文用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(3-APTES)改性粘土岩,并通过X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其进行了表征。结果显示,3-APTES改性粘土岩没有固定的表面结构,多为呈不规则多边型的薄片状晶体。以3-APTES改性粘土岩为吸附介质,探讨了反应时间、初始浓度、水相pH值、固液比、实验温度和离子种类等对该材料吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响。实验结果表明,pH为5、U(Ⅵ)初始浓度为50 µg·mL−1、固液比为1∶200时,经过120 min 3-APTES改性粘土岩对U(Ⅵ)的吸附达到平衡,吸附效果最佳。升温有助于提高其吸附性能;溶液中Ca2+、
${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-} $ 、${\rm{CO}}_3^{2-} $ 等3种离子极大的抑制了3-APTES改性粘土岩的吸附性能。-
关键词:
- 3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(3-APTES) /
- 改性 /
- 粘土岩 /
- 吸附 /
- U(Ⅵ)
Abstract: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APTES) modified clay rock was characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The characterization results showed that 3-APTES modified clay rock had no fixed surface structure and was mostly lamellar crystal with irregular polygonal shape. Using 3-APTES modified clay rock as the adsorption medium, the effect of reaction time, initial concentration, aqueous phase pH value, solid-liquid ratio, experimental temperature and ionic species on absorption of U(Ⅵ) were explored. The experimental results showed that when the pH was 5, the initial concentration of U(Ⅵ) was 50 µg·mL−1, and the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶200, the adsorption of U(Ⅵ) on the 3-APTES modified clay rock reached equilibrium after 120 minutes. The adsorption effect was the best. Warming helps to improve its adsorption performance; Ca2+,${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-} $ and${\rm{CO}}_3^{2-} $ ions in the solution greatly inhibited the adsorption performance of 3-APTES modified clay rock.-
Key words:
- 3-APTES /
- modification /
- clay rock /
- adsorption /
- U(Ⅵ)
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表 1 粘土岩、 3-APTES改性粘土岩主要成分(%)
Table 1. Main components of claystone、3-APTES modified claystone(%)
成分Composition 岩样1
Claystone1岩样2
Claystone2岩样平均值
Average value改性岩样1
Modified claystone 1改性岩样2
Modified claystone 2改性岩平均值
Average valueSiO2 52.92 49.08 51.00 49.67 52.88 51.28 CaO 21.84 18.53 20.19 21.68 17.69 19.69 Al2O3 14.71 15.20 14.96 14.86 15.23 15.04 Fe2O3 5.82 5.93 5.88 5.66 5.98 5.82 K2O 3.09 2.56 2.83 2.70 2.88 2.79 MgO 2.75 2.88 2.82 2.82 2.68 2.75 Na2O 0.87 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.94 0.90 TiO2 0.63 0.68 0.66 0.63 0.67 0.65 -
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