拉鲁湿地植物和底泥氮磷生态化学计量学特征

寻亚非; 李映雪; 王佳俊; 周磊; 徐德福; 张建伟

doi:10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020082901

拉鲁湿地植物和底泥氮磷生态化学计量学特征

1.
大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心，南京，210044
2.
南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院，南京，210044
3.
南京信息工程大学应用气象学院，南京，210044
4.
南京信息工程大学数理与统计学院，南京，210044

通讯作者: Tel：15852904260 E-mail：defuxu1@163.com;

基金项目:
拉萨市城关区拉鲁湿地生态专题项目（2018h309），江苏高校“青蓝工程”项目（20161507）和江苏省“六大人才高峰”项目(JNHB-057)资助

Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in plants and sediments in Lhalu wetland

1.
Collaborative Innovation Center for Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
2.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
3.
School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
4.
School of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

Corresponding author: XU Defu, defuxu1@163.com ;

Fund Project: Lhasa Chengguan District Lalu Wetland Ecological Project (2018h309), Jiangsu University “Blue Project” (20161507) and Jiangsu Province “Six Talent Peaks” Project (JNHB-057)

摘要: 为了探究拉鲁湿地生态系统中N和P的平衡关系，2019年5月（丰水期）和10月（平水期）采集拉鲁湿地底泥和植物样品并分析其生态化学计量特征. 结果表明，拉鲁湿地丰水期植物氮和磷含量的平均值分别为28.95 mg·g⁻¹和0.36 mg·g⁻¹，平水期植物氮和磷含量的平均值分别为12.84 mg·g⁻¹和0.16 mg·g⁻¹，植物氮磷含量丰水期大于平水期. 拉鲁湿地水生植物的N/P均大于16，说明磷是拉鲁湿地水生植物的限制生长元素. 拉鲁湿地丰水期和平水期底泥中氮含量平均值分别为1.39 mg·g⁻¹和1.74 mg·g⁻¹，磷含量分别为0.74 mg·g⁻¹和0.50 mg·g⁻¹. 拉鲁湿地平水期植物对氮磷的吸收量大于丰水期，其受植物生物量的影响较大. 在丰水期菖蒲对N和P的吸收量最高，分别为6391 g·m⁻² 和 87.77 g·m⁻²；在平水期金鱼藻对N和P的吸收量最高，分别为51403.66 g·m⁻² 和607.728 g·m⁻². 不同植物对氮磷的吸收量存在差异，可通过植物配置和管理提高拉鲁湿地中氮磷的固定.
- 氮磷 /
- 化学计量 /
- 植物 /
- 底泥 /
- 拉鲁湿地
Abstract: To study the equilibrium relationship of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the Lhalu wetland ecosystem, the sediments and plants in May (wet season) and October (normal season) in 2019 were collected and analyzed to investigate their ecological stoichiometric characteristics. The average N and P contents of the aquatic plants were 28.95 mg·g⁻¹ and 0.36 mg·g⁻¹ in the wet season in Lhalu wetland, respectively, which were higher than these in the normal season, 12.84 mg·g⁻¹and 0.16 mg·g⁻¹. The ratio of N to P of wetland plants were more than 16, indicating that P is the limiting nutrient for the growth of aquatic plants. In the wet and normal seasons, the average N content of sediment was 1.39 mg·g⁻¹ and 1.74 mg·g⁻¹, respectively; and their average P content was 0.74 mg·g⁻¹ and 0.50 mg·g⁻¹ in Lhalu wetland, respectively. The total quantity of N and P uptake by plants were greater in normal season than in wet season, which was mainly influenced by the production of plant biomass. In wet season, the quantity of N and P uptake by Acorus calamus L. were highest, 6391.0 g·m⁻² and 87.8 g·m⁻², respectively. During normal season, the quantity of N and P uptake by Ceratophyllum L. was highest, 51403.66 g·m⁻² and 607.73 g·m⁻². Capacity of N and P uptake could be improved through the plant configuration and harvest management in Lhalu wetland due to the variation of aquatic plants.
- nitrogen and phosphorus /
- stoichiometry /
- plant /
- sediment /
- Lhalu wetland

图 1 拉鲁湿地采样点与样方分布

Figure 1. Distribution of sampling sites and quadrats in Lhalu wetland

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图 2 拉鲁湿地不同植物的氮(A)和磷(B)含量

Figure 2. Nitrogen (A) and phosphorus (B) content of different plants in Lhalu wetland

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图 3 拉鲁湿地不同植物的氮磷比

Figure 3. Ratio of Nitrogen to phosphorus of different plants in Lhalu wetland

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图 4 拉鲁湿地不同植物的氮（A）、磷吸收量（B）和生物量（C）

Figure 4. Quantity of uptake nitrogen (A) and phosphorus (B) and biomass(C) of different plants in Lhalu wetland

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 拉鲁湿地主要植物的生活型及重要值

Table 1. Life forms and important values of main plants in Lhalu wetland

植物种类 Plant species	生活型 Plant life form	重要值Important value
植物种类 Plant species	生活型 Plant life form	丰水期 Normal season	平水期Wet season
水蓼Polygonum hydropiper	M	10.60	10.251
菖蒲Acorus calamus	E	12.38	8.10
水葱Scirpus validus	E	16.89	13.51
芦苇Phragmites communis	E	6.52	7.77
香蒲Typha orientalis	E	5.72	7.46
水苦荬Veronica anagallis-aquatica	E	2.12	2.27
灯芯草Juncus effusus	E	12.42	12.37
杉叶藻Hippuris vulgaris	E	7.28	5.137
萍蓬草Nuphar pumilum	FL	3.45	3.58
菹草Potamogeton crispus	S	0.52	3.79
金鱼藻Ceratophyllum demersum	S	5.10	2.85
狐尾藻Myriophyllum verticillatum	S	3.03	4.58
眼子菜Potamogeton distinctus	S	3.89	6.19
注：M-湿生植物Wetland plants；E-挺水植物Emergent plants；FL-浮叶植物Floating-leaved plant；S-沉水植物Submerged plants.

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表 2 拉鲁湿地主要植物的生物量及氮、磷吸收量相关性

Table 2. Correlation between biomass and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of main plants in Lhalu wetland

	丰水期植物 N吸收量 N uptake	丰水期植物 P吸收量 P uptake wet period	丰水期植物生物量 Plant biomass in wet period	平水期植物 N吸收量 N uptake in normal water period	平水期植物 P吸收量 P uptake in normal water period	平水期植物生物量 Plant biomass in normal water period
丰水期植物N吸收量	1
丰水期植物P吸收量	0.985^**	1
丰水期植物生物量	0.940^**	0.887^**	1
平水期植物N吸收量	−0.032	−0.022	0.231	1
平水期植物P吸收量	0.011	0.020	0.199	0.994^**	1
平水期植物生物量	0.207	0.205	−0.007	0.866^**	0.889^**	1

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表 3 拉鲁湿地底泥氮和磷含量及变化特征

Table 3. Content of nitrogen and phosphorus and their changed characteristics of sediment of Lhalu Wetland

元素 Element	时期 Period	平均值/(mg·g⁻¹) Average value	极差/(mg·g⁻¹) Range/	最大值/(mg·g⁻¹) Maximum	最小值/(mg·g⁻¹) Minimum	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
N	丰水期	1.39	3.84	3.95	0.103	0.73
N	平水期	1.74	7.51	7.62	0.11	0.86
P	丰水期	0.74	0.94	1.26	0.31	0.27
P	平水期	0.50	0.66	0.98	0.32	0.26
N/P	丰水期	2.08	12.52	12.63	0.11	1.03
N/P	平水期	3.39	9.71	9.82	0.12	0.69

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表 4 丰水期底泥与植物N、P含量及N/P之间的相关性

Table 4. Correlation of nitrogen, phosphorus content and N/P in the wet period between sediment and planst

	底泥N含量 N content in sediment	底泥P含量 P content in sediment	底泥N/PN/ P in sediment	植物N含量 N content of plants	植物P含量 P content of plants	植物N/PN/ P in plants
底泥N含量	1
底泥P含量	−0.017	1
底泥N/P	−0.380*	0.847**	1
植物N含量	0.303*	−0.106	−0.204	1
植物P含量	0.046	−0.007	−0.079	0.522**	1
植物N/P	0.143	−0.079	−0.067	0.126	−0.702**	1
注：为0.05水平上显著性差异；为0.01水平上显著性差异. 　　Note: is a significant difference at the 0.05 level; ** is a significant difference at the 0.01 level.

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表 5 平水期底泥与植物N、P及N/P之间的相关性

Table 5. Correlation of N, P and N/P in normal water period between sediment and plants

	底泥N含量 N content in sediment	底泥P含量 P content in sediment	底泥N/PN/ P in sediment	植物N含量 N content of plants	植物P含量 P content of plants	植物N/PN/ P in plants
底泥N含量	1
底泥P含量	0.375*	1
底泥N/P	0.914**	0.097	1
植物N含量	−0.091	−0.110	−0.089	1
植物P含量	−0.168	0.141	−0.174	0.650**	1
植物N/P	0.047	−0.135	0.032	0.455**	−0.304	1
注：为0.05水平上显著性差异；为0.01水平上显著性差异. 　　Note: is a significant difference at the 0.05 level; ** is a significant difference at the 0.01 level.

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[32]	卜晓燕, 米文宝, 许浩, 等. 宁夏平原不同类型湿地土壤碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征 [J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2016, 42(1): 107-118. BU X Y, MI W B, XU H, et al. Soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content and its ecological stoichiometry characteristics of different types of wetlands in Ningxia Plain [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2016, 42(1): 107-118(in Chinese).
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[34]	张仲胜, 吕宪国, 薛振山, 等. 中国湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征研究 [J]. 土壤学报, 2016, 53(5): 1160-1169. ZHANG Z S, LU X G, XUE Z S, et al. Study on the ecological stoichiometry of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in China's wetland [J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2016, 53(5): 1160-1169(in Chinese).
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生态化学计量学是研究生态系统中各种元素的质量平衡和植物中营养元素分配的重要方法^[1]. 植物的基本营养元素主要是氮（N）和磷（P），N和P在植物的生长、代谢等各种生理过程中起到重要作用^[2-3]，植物的N/P可以反映植物受到营养元素N和P的限制情况^[4]，也可以反映湿地植物对水体中氮磷的去除效果^[5]，另外，底泥中的N和P含量也直接影响植物中各种元素的吸收利用效率和植物体内循环的稳定性. 刘旻霞等^[1]研究青藏高原高寒草甸不同功能群植物之间N/P化学计量特征和叶面积的变化特征，并探究土壤因素对不同坡向功能群植物氮磷化学计量特征的影响. 张智博等^[6]研究东平湖沉积物-菹草系统碳、氮、磷空间分布及生态化学计量，发现沉积物与植物之间的N、P元素空间分布具有相似性，并且菹草生长受氮元素限制. Rong等^[7]对莱州湾滨海湿地季节变化下柽柳叶片的C、N和P生态化学计量特征分析，发现柽柳叶片C、N和P含量受季节变化影响显著. 章文龙等^[8]对闽江河口湿地植物N和P含量研究表明，植物N和P变化与植物器官和生长期密切相关. 邵学新等^[9]对杭州湾潮滩湿地3种优势植物的氮磷元素的含量及吸收量的变化进行研究，研究表明植物生物量与植物氮磷吸收量呈正相关. 由此可见，目前国内对滨海湿地、河口湿地中N和P及其化学计量研究比较多，而对高寒湿地的相关研究鲜见报道.

高寒湿地系统对全球变化具有比较强的敏感性^[10]. 拉鲁湿地属于典型的高寒沼泽湿地^[11]，目前有关拉鲁湿地水文状况、生物多样性研究，以及植物群落分布^[12-13]以及植物对重金属元素的富集^[14]，比较多. 但有关拉鲁湿地植物和底泥氮磷含量及季节性变化以及底泥和植物氮磷之间的相互关系研究鲜见报道. 因此，本文通过研究拉鲁湿地不同季节底泥和植物氮磷含量的变化及其之间相互影响规律，旨在为拉鲁湿地的植物管理提供科学依据.

3. 结论(Conclusion)

（1）拉鲁湿地植物氮磷含量平均值均为丰水期大于平水期，植物生长发育的主要限制因素为磷元素.

（2）拉鲁湿地底泥中N/P远小于中国湿地N/P的平均值，说明拉鲁湿地底泥固P能力较强.

（3）拉鲁湿地植物的氮磷吸收量受生物量的影响较大. 在拉鲁湿地去除氮磷时，可通过在丰水期收割菖蒲和杉叶藻，在平水期收割灯芯草、水蓼和芦苇等挺水植物去除氮磷.

致谢：在拉鲁湿地调查和取样过程中得到了拉鲁湿地国家自然保护区管理局梁剑豫和尼琼等的大力帮助，在此一并致谢。

参考文献 (36)

拉鲁湿地植物和底泥氮磷生态化学计量学特征

通讯作者: Tel：15852904260 E-mail：defuxu1@163.com;

Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in plants and sediments in Lhalu wetland

Corresponding author: XU Defu, defuxu1@163.com ;

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拉鲁湿地植物和底泥氮磷生态化学计量学特征

通讯作者: Tel：15852904260 E-mail：defuxu1@163.com;

English Abstract

Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in plants and sediments in Lhalu wetland

Corresponding author: XU Defu, defuxu1@163.com ;

全文HTML

1.1. 研究区域概况

1.2. 拉鲁湿地采样点布设

1.3. 采样与分析

1.4. 数据处理

1.5. 数据分析

2.1. 拉鲁湿地不同植物N 和P含量

2.2. 拉鲁湿地不同植物的N和P化学计量特征

2.3. 拉鲁湿地植物氮磷吸收量

2.4. 底泥氮磷含量及其与植物氮磷与之间的关系

目录

拉鲁湿地植物和底泥氮磷生态化学计量学特征

通讯作者: Tel：15852904260 E-mail：defuxu1@163.com;

Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in plants and sediments in Lhalu wetland

Corresponding author: XU Defu, defuxu1@163.com ;

计量

出版历程

拉鲁湿地植物和底泥氮磷生态化学计量学特征

通讯作者: Tel：15852904260 E-mail：defuxu1@163.com;

English Abstract

Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in plants and sediments in Lhalu wetland

Corresponding author: XU Defu, defuxu1@163.com ;

全文HTML

1.1. 研究区域概况

1.2. 拉鲁湿地采样点布设

1.3. 采样与分析

1.4. 数据处理

1.5. 数据分析

2.1. 拉鲁湿地不同植物N 和P含量

2.2. 拉鲁湿地不同植物的N和P化学计量特征

2.3. 拉鲁湿地植物氮磷吸收量

2.4. 底泥氮磷含量及其与植物氮磷与之间的关系

目录