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金属镉(Cd)是一种生物蓄积性强,毒性作用持久的重金属元素[1-2]. 镉的大量使用造成了严重的生态环境污染,对公众健康构成一定的威胁[3]. 对一般人来说,饮食和吸烟是金属镉的主要暴露途径.镉可对肾脏、肝脏、肺、骨骼、心血管、内分泌、生殖系统造成危害,甚至产生基因毒性和致癌[4-6]. Cd毒性机制包括改变基因的正常表达,抑制受损DNA的修复,对细胞凋亡和自噬的干扰,诱导氧化应激的产生以及与生物元素的相互作用[7]. 多项研究表明,Cd毒性与ROS的过量产生相关[8]. 金属镉通过抑制氧化还原蛋白酶(NADPH、SOD、CAT)以及GST等抗氧化物的活性,打破细胞内氧化还原平衡态,导致脂质,蛋白质和DNA的氧化损伤[9-14].
目前检测细胞产生ROS的方法主要有荧光染料法[15]、化学发光法[16],电子自旋共振法[17]和流式细胞仪法[18]等. 荧光技术是研究细胞内ROS最广泛的技术,但荧光染料尚存在易发生荧光猝灭,信号不稳定,难于绝对定量的缺点. 化学发光法面临的问题是发光剂对活性氧物种的选择性差.电子自旋共振法和流式细胞术则存在预处理复杂,设备昂贵的缺点.
扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)是一种强大的电化学分析技术,近年来在生物、环境、材料研究中被广泛应用. SECM可通过氧化还原介质实现对生物样品的非侵入性检测[19-20]. SECM技术适用于一系列研究,包括反应动力学、表面和界面过程、微结构制造、膜转运、多药耐药性、神经细胞信号、细胞ROS和活性氮物种(RNS)检测以及细胞氧化还原过程.此外,SECM还可以用于单细胞形貌和膜通透性的快速检测[21].
本研究利用扫描电化学显微镜技术实时检测了经氯化镉孵育后MCF-10A细胞形态变化以及活性氧稳定产物(H2O2)的释放情况. 并通过测定金属镉对MCF-10A细胞内抗氧化物酶及非酶类抗氧化物质活性的影响,进一步分析了Cd诱导MCF-10A产生过量ROS的机制.
基于扫描电化学显微镜技术评价镉诱导MCF-10A细胞产生的过氧化氢水平
Hydrogen peroxide levels in cadmium-induced MCF-10A cells were evaluated by scanning electrochemical microscopy
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摘要: 本研究利用扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)技术在生理条件下对人正常乳腺上皮细胞(MCF-10A)受氯化镉刺激的形态变化和活性氧物种(ROS)释放情况进行了实时检测. 结果表明,MCF-10A细胞在低浓度或短时间的氯化镉刺激下呈现收缩防御模式;但受到高浓度或长时间的氯化镉刺激时,细胞对氯化镉毒性的防御能力降低,细胞内氧化还原平衡态受到破坏,造成严重的氧化损伤. 并利用荧光探针DCFH-DA法证实了扫描电化学显微镜技术检测结果的正确性和可靠性. 此外,通过对镉作用下细胞内还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽(GST)活性的测定,进一步分析了金属镉诱导MCF-10A细胞的氧化应激机制.
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关键词:
- 扫描电化学显微镜(SECM) /
- H2O2 /
- 氧化损伤
Abstract: In this study, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technology was used to achieve real-time detection of the morphological changes and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of human normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) stimulated by cadmium chloride under physiological conditions. The results showed that MCF-10A cells exhibited a contraction defense mode under the condition of a low concentration cadmium chloride stimulation or a short time stimulation; However, when dealt with a high concentration cadmium chloride stimulation or the stimulation time was long, the defense ability of the cells against the toxicity of cadmium chloride decreased, the internal redox balance of the cells was destroyed, causing a serious oxidative damage. And the correctness and reliability of the detection results of scanning electrochemical microscopy technology was verified by using the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA method. In addition, the mechanism of oxidative stress induced by metal cadmium in MCF-10A cells was further analyzed through the determination of activity of the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GST) in the cell under the action of cadmium.-
Key words:
- scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) /
- H2O2 /
- oxidation damage
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表 1 不同RG值下等式(3)(负反馈)的参数值
Table 1. Parameter Values for Equation(3)(Negative Feedback)at different RG Values
RG A B C D 10.2 0.40472 1.60185 0.58819 −2.37294 8.13 0.42676 1.46081 0.56874 −2.28548 5.09 0.48678 1.17706 0.51241 −2.07873 3.04 0.60478 0.86083 0.39569 −1.89455 2.03 0.76179 0.60983 0.23866 −2.03267 表 2 不同浓度CdCl2孵育2 h后的MCF-10A细胞上方电流变化量
Table 2. Changes of current above MCF-10A cells after incubation with different concentrations of CdCl2 for 2 h
氯化镉浓度/(μmol·L−1)
Concentrations of CdCl2IT下降/n A
The decline of ITIT上升/n A
The rise of ITControl 0.0957 0.0000 40 0.0267 0.0088 60 0.0069 0.1718 80 0.0202 0.0705 100 0.1052 0.0563 表 3 不同作用时间下MCF-10A细胞上方电流变化量
Table 3. Changes of current above MCF-10A cells at different time
孵育时间/h
Incubation timeIT下降/nA
The decline of ITIT上升/nA
The rise of ITControl 0.0957 0.0000 1 0.0258 0.1494 2 0.0069 0.1718 4 0.0000 0.0984 6 0.0180 0.0594 -
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