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药物与个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products, PPCPs)是对多种化学产品的统称,主要包括人类用药、兽药、化学消费品及其生产和加工过程中使用的添加剂和惰性成分等,如各种处方药和非处方药(如激素、抗生素、β-受体阻断剂、兴奋剂等)、香料、化妆品、染发剂、洗发水和香皂等[1-3]。根据已有报道报道,多种PPCPs在美国[4-5]、英国[6]、西班牙[7]、南非[8-9]、巴西[10]、韩国[11-12]、印度[13]等国家的地表水中均有检出,在我国长江[14-18]、黄河[19]、黄浦江[20-21]、珠江[22]、太湖[23-26]、辽河[27]、松花江[28]等地区的地表水均有检出,PPCPs检出的浓度水平普遍在ng·L−1—μg·L−1之间。PPCPs具有化学活性,经人类生产生活排放到水体,并在水环境中可以痕量存在,能够在生物体富集转化,对水生生态系统和人类健康产生潜在的不利影响[29-31]。
水环境中PPCPs的常用的分析方法包括液相色谱法(LC)[32-33]、气相色谱质谱法(GC/MS)[34]、液相色谱法-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)[35-36]等。液相色谱法灵敏度较低,对复杂基质的抗干扰能力有限,定性能力不足;气相色谱质谱法往往需要复杂的衍生化处理,限制了其在环境中PPCPs检测中的应用;目前对于PPCPs的分析,液相色谱法-串联质谱法作为应用较多的方法,可以进行多残留定性、定量检测,但存在扫描速度、分辨率和质量准确度的限制,对排除复杂基质的干扰能力不足[37-38]。高分辨质谱(HRMS)通过化合物精确相对分子量进行定性定量分析,表现出较强抗基质干扰能力,避免受基质干扰产生假阳性现象,对于多种化合物的分析,无需逐个优化子离子及相关参数,可以缩短分析测试时间,在目标化合物的筛查和确证分析方面具有极大的优势[39]。
大连市是我国北方重要的沿海港口城市,其三面环海、丘陵起伏、流域集水面积小,属于资源短缺型缺水城市,人均水资源占有量仅为538 m3[40]。大连地区市民的饮水主要以地表水资源为主,其中大连饮用水源地的类型又以水库型水源地为主[41],因此,水库型水源地水质的状况关系着人们的饮水安全和健康。
本研究选石门子水库、大渔沟水库、青云河水库、北大河水库为研究对象,采集水样,通过固相萃取方法对水样进行前处理,采用高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-Exactive MS)技术对大连4个典型水库中116种PPCPs进行定性筛查及定量检测。该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏度和准确度高,旨在分析大连水库型水源范围内PPCPs的浓度,弥补现阶段对大连地区地表水中PPCPs研究的空白,以期为大连地区PPCPs的合理使用和风险防控提供数据支撑和技术支持。
大连地区水库中116种药物与个人护理品的高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱筛查与测定分析
Screening and determination of 116 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in reservoirs in Dalian area by high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry
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摘要: 采用固相萃取技术对大连地区青云河水库、石门子水库、大渔沟水库、北大河水库水样进行富集净化,通过高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱对水样中116种药物与个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)进行筛查检测与定量分析。结果表明,116种PPCPs化合物在10—100 ng·mL−1范围内线性良好,相关系数R2均在0.99以上,定量限(LOQ)为0.4 μg·L−1,回收率为40.7%—121.6%。研究发现,水样中激素类化合物能够被普遍检出,其浓度总量范围为1.79—9.33 ng·L−1,醋酸泼尼松、醋酸氟氢可的松、醋酸可的松、醋酸氢化可的松和甲基泼尼松龙醋酸酯在4个水库中均有检出,其中醋酸泼尼松和醋酸氟氢可的松在8个采样点位均有检出,为检出频率最高的化合物。大渔沟水库中醋酸泼尼松的检出浓度最大,其检出浓度为1.84 ng·L−1。大渔沟水库中激素类化合物的整体污染水平要略高于青云河水库、石门子水库和北大河水库,分析其原因主要受水库的规模、功能类型影响。与国内其他饮用水源地、河流相比较,本研究中4个水库水样中激素类化合物的检出浓度相比较低,属于低等污染水平。Abstract: Water samples in Qingyunhe Reservoir, Shimenzi Reservoir, Dayugou Reservoir and Beidahe Reservoir of Dalian area were concentrated and cleaned up with solid phase extraction. Totally 116 kinds of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were screened and quantitated using high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. Results showed that the calibration curves of the 116 PPCPs showed good linearity in the range of 10—100 ng·mL−1 with correlation coefficients larger than 0.99. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for the 116 PPCPs were 0.4 μg·L−1. The recoveries of these PPCPs were in the range of 40.7%—121.6%. The study indicated that steroid hormones could be widely detected in the water samples with total concentrations ranging from 1.79 ng·L−1to 9.33 ng·L−1. Prednisone 21-acetate, fludrocortisone 21-acetate, cortisone 21-acetate, hydrocortisone 21-acetate, and methylprednisolone 21-acetate were detected in the four reservoirs, among which prednisone 21-acetate and fludrocortisone 21-acetate were detected in all the eight sampling sites with the highest frequency. A highest concentration of 1.84 ng·L−1 for prednisone 21-acetate was detected in Dayugou Reservoir. The overall pollution of steroid hormones in Dayugou Reservoir was a little higher than that in the other three reservoirs, which was mainly attributed to the scale and function type of the reservoir. Comparing with the reported concentrations in other domestic drinking water and rivers in China, the concentrations of steroid hormones in the four reservoirs in this study were at low levels, which presented the low pollution level.
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表 1 流动相梯度洗脱程序(正离子模式)
Table 1. Gradient elution procedure of the mobile phase (ESI+)
时间/min
Time流动相A/%
Mobile phase A流动相B/%
Mobile phase B0 95 5 2 95 5 7 70 30 11 10 90 13 10 90 13 95 5 16 95 5 表 2 116种PPCPs的分子式、CAS号、精确分子量、保留时间、和碎片离子
Table 2. Molecular formula, CAS No., retention time and fragment ion of 116 PPCPs
序号
No.中文名称
Chinses name英文名称
English name分类
Classification分子式
Molecular formulaCAS号
CAS No.精确分子量
Precursor ion(m/z)保留时间/min
Retention time碎片离子
Fragment ion(m/z)1 去氢睾酮 Boldenone 激素类药物 C19H26O2 846-48-0 287.20056 11.02 269.18999,173.09609,121.06479,135.11683, 2 群勃龙 Trenbolone 激素类药物 C18H22O2 10161-33-8 271.16926 10.98 253.15869,199.11174 3 泼尼松 Prednisone 激素类药物 C21H26O5 1953-3-2 359.18530 10.18 341.17474,237.12739,171.08044,147.08044 4 可的松 Cortisone 激素类药物 C21H28O5 1953-6-5 361.20095 10.24 163.11174,121.06479 5 氢化可的松 Hydrocortisone 激素类药物 C21H30O5 50-23-7 363.21660 10.82 327.19547,309.18491,121.06479,97.06479 6 甲基泼尼松龙 Methylprednisolone 激素类药物 C22H30O5 83-43-2 375.21660 11.11 399.2166,321.18491,253.15869,185.09609,161.09609 7 氟米龙 Fluoromethalone 激素类药物 C22H29FO4 426-13-1 377.21226 10.87 339.19547,321.18491,279.17434,161.09609,135.08044 8 醋酸泼尼松 Prednisone 21-Acetate 激素类药物 C23H28O6 125-10-0 401.19587 10.76 313.17982,295.16926,277.15869,171.08044,147.08044 9 醋酸可的松 Cortisone 21-Acetate 激素类药物 C23H30O6 1950-4-4 403.21152 10.78 343.19038,163.11174 10 醋酸氢化可的松 Hydrocortisone 21-Acetate 激素类药物 C23H32O6 1950-3-3 405.22717 10.82 327.19547,309.18491,121.06479,97.06479 11 倍氯米松 Beclomethasone 激素类药物 C22H29ClO5 4419-39-0 409.17763 11.91 319.16926,301.15869,171.08044 12 氟米松 Flumethasone 激素类药物 C22H28F2O5 2135-17-3 411.19776 10.61 253.12231,235.11174,121.06479 13 甲基泼尼松龙醋酸酯 Methylprednisolone 21-Acetate 激素类药物 C24H32O6 53-36-1 417.22717 11.11 399.2166,321.18491,253.15869,185.09609,161.09609 14 醋酸氟氢可的松 Fludrocortisone 21-Acetate 激素类药物 C23H31FO6 514-36-3 423.21774 10.75 239.14304,181.10118,121.0648 15 布地奈德 Budesonide 激素类药物 C25H34O6 51372-29-3 431.24282 11.47 323.16417,173.09609,147.08044,121.06479 16 丁酸氢化可的松 Hydrocortisone 17-Butyrate 激素类药物 C25H36O6 13609-67-1 433.25847 11.31 345.20604,297.18491,121.06479 17 曲安奈德 Triamcinolone Acetonide 激素类药物 C24H31O6F 76-25-5 435.21774 11.07 439.21151,339.15908,321.14852,171.08044,147.08044 18 氟氢缩松 Fludroxycortide 激素类药物 C24H33FO6 1524-88-5 437.23339 10.98 361.18096,341.17474,105.06988 19 地夫可特 Deflazacort 激素类药物 C25H31NO6 14484-47-0 442.22241 11.06 424.21185,400.21185,142.04987 20 醋酸曲安奈德 Triamcinolone Acetonide 21-Acetate 激素类药物 C26H33FO7 3870-7-3 477.22831 11.36 439.21151,339.15909,293.15361,147.08044 21 泼尼卡酯 Prednicarbate 激素类药物 C27H36O8 73771-04-7 489.24829 11.63 381.20604,289.15869,147.08044 22 二乙酸二氟拉松 Diflorasone Diacetate 激素类药物 C26H32F2O7 33564-31-7 495.21889 11.33 317.15361,289.15869,121.06479,101.02332 23 曲安西龙双醋酸酯 Triamcinolone Diacetate 激素类药物 C25H31FO8 67-78-7 479.20757 10.49 399.18021,339.15908,321.14852,293.15361,225.12739 24 泼尼松龙 Prednisolone 激素类药物 C21H28O5 50-24-8 361.20095 10.38 343.19039,171.08044,147.08044,121.06479,326.18765 25 地塞米松 Dexamethasone 激素类药物 C22H29FO5 1950-2-2 393.20717 10.67 355.19039,337.17982,237.12739,147.08044 26 醋酸地塞米松 Dexamethasone 21-Acetate 激素类药物 C24H31FO6 1177-87-3 435.21774 11.02 397.20095,319.16926,309.18491,237.12739,147.08044 27 醋酸倍他米松 Betamethasone 21-Acetate 激素类药物 C24H31FO6 987-24-6 477.26469 10.84 397.20095,319.16926,309.18491,237.12739,147.08044 28 莫美他松 Mometasone 激素类药物 C27H30Cl2O6 105102-22-5 521.14922 11.17 409.13317,147.08044,237.12739,121.06479 29 醋酸氟轻松 Fluocinonide 激素类药物 C26H32F2O7 356-12-7 495.21889 11.33 317.15361,289.15869,171.08044,121.06479 30 甲基睾丸酮 17-Methyltestosterone 激素类药物 C20H30O2 58-18-4 303.23186 11.52 285.22129,267.21073,109.06479,97.06479 31 替诺昔康 Tenoxicam 非甾体类抗炎药物 C13H11N3O4S2 59804-37-4 338.02637 9.01 338.02637,121.03964,164.08184 32 茚酮苯丙酸 Indoprofen 非甾体类抗炎药物 C17H15NO3 31842-01-0 282.11247 10.56 236.10699,218.09643,91.05423 33 双水杨酸酯 Sasapyrine 非甾体类抗炎药物 C14H10O5 552-94-3 259.0601 5.07 228.00532 34 酮基布洛芬 Ketoprofen 非甾体类抗炎药物 C16H14O3 22071-15-4 255.10158 10.91 209.09609,105.03349 35 氟尼辛 Flunixin 非甾体类抗炎药物 C14H11F3N2O2 42461-84-7 297.08454 11.41 279.07373,264.05026,259.0664 36 吡罗昔康 Piroxicam 非甾体类抗炎药物 C15H13N3O4S 36322-90-4 332.06996 10.22 164.08184,121.03964,95.06037 37 托麦汀 Tolmetin 非甾体类抗炎药物 C15H15NO3 26171-23-3 258.11247 10.87 119.04914 38 磺胺嘧啶 Sulfadiazine 磺胺类药物 C10H10N4O2S 68-35-9 251.05973 3.37 156.01138,108.04439,92.04948 39 磺胺噻唑 Sulfathiazole 磺胺类药物 C9H9N3O2S2 72-14-0 256.02090 4.32 156.01138,108.04439,92.04948 40 磺胺吡啶 Sulfapyridine 磺胺类药物 C11H11N3O2S 144-83-2 250.06448 4.68 184.08692,156.01138,108.04439,95.06037 41 磺胺甲基嘧啶 Sulfamerazine 磺胺类药物 C11H12N4O2S 127-79-7 265.07537 5.11 190.02809,156.01138,108.04439,110.07127,92.04948 42 磺胺-6-(间)甲氧嘧啶 Sulfamonomethoxine 磺胺类药物 C11H12N4O3S 1220-83-3 281.07029 7.16 215.09274,156.01138,126.06619,92.04948 43 磺胺甲噻二唑 Sulfamethizole 磺胺类药物 C9H10N4O2S2 144-82-1 271.03180 6.11 156.01138,108.04439,92.04948 44 磺胺-5-(对)甲氧嘧啶 Sulfameter 磺胺类药物 C11H12N4O3S 651-06-9 281.07029 5.95 215.09274,156.01138,126.06619,108.04439 45 磺胺氯哒嗪 Sulfachloropyridazine 磺胺类药物 C10H9ClN4O2S 80-32-0 285.02075 6.8 156.01138,108.04439,92.04948 46 磺胺甲氧哒嗪 Sulfamethoxypyridazine 磺胺类药物 C11H12N4O3S 80-35-3 281.07029 6.51 215.09274,156.01138,126.06619,92.04948 47 磺胺多辛 Sulfadoxine 磺胺类药物 C12H14N4O4S 2447-57-6 311.08086 7.64 156.01138,140.04545,108.04439,92.04948 48 磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶 Sulfadimethoxine 磺胺类药物 C12H14N4O4S 122-11-2 311.08086 9.08 156.01138,108.04439,92.04948 49 磺胺甲基异恶唑 Sulfamethoxazole 磺胺类药物 C10H11N3O3S 723-46-6 254.05939 7.09 156.01138,108.04439,92.04948 50 磺胺二甲异恶唑 Sulfisoxazole 磺胺类药物 C11H13N3O3S 127-69-5 268.07504 7.7 156.01138,113.07094,108.04439,92.04948 51 苯酰磺胺 Sulfabenzamide 磺胺类药物 C13H12N2O3S 127-71-9 277.06414 8.05 156.01137,108.04439,92.04948 52 磺胺喹恶啉 Sulfaquinoxaline 磺胺类药物 C14H12N4O2S 59-40-5 301.07538 9.26 156.01138,108.04439,92.04948,146.07127 53 磺胺醋酰 Sulphacetamide 磺胺类药物 C8H10N2O3S 144-80-9 215.04849 1.99 156.01138,108.04439,92.04948 54 三甲氧苄胺嘧啶 Trimethoprim 磺胺类药物 C14H18N4O3 738-70-5 291.14517 6.01 275.11387,261.09822,245.1033,123.06652 55 磺胺苯吡唑 Sulfaphenazole 磺胺类药物 C15H14N4O2S 526-08-9 315.09103 8.71 222.03317,158.07127,108.04439,92.04948 56 磺胺二甲异嘧啶 Sulfisomidine 磺胺类药物 C12H14N4O2S 515-64-0 279.09103 6.24 156.01138,124.08692,108.04439 57 磺胺二甲基恶唑 Sulfamoxole 磺胺类药物 C11H13N3O3S 729-99-7 268.07504 6.1 156.01138,108.04439,92.04948,113.07094 58 磺胺甲嘧啶 Sulfmethazine 磺胺类药物 C12H14N4O2S 57-68-1 279.09102 3.76 156.01138,124.08692,108.04439 59 甲硝唑 Metronidazole 硝基咪唑类药物 C6H9N3O3 443-48-1 172.07167 2.58 128.04545 60 二甲硝咪唑 Dimetridazole 硝基咪唑类药物 C5H7N3O2 551-92-8 142.06111 3.16 112.06311,95.06037,56.04948 61 氯甲硝咪唑 5-Chloro-1-Methyl-4-Nitroimidazole 硝基咪唑类药物 C4H4ClN3O2 4897-25-0 162.00649 4.43 145.00374,131.00067 62 苯硝咪唑 5-Nitrobenzimidazole 硝基咪唑类药物 C7H5N3O2 94-52-0 164.04546 4.05 150.04238 63 阿苯哒唑亚砜 Albendazole Sulfoxide 硝基咪唑类药物 C12H15N3O3S 54029-12-8 282.09069 8.6 240.04374,208.01752,191.01478,159.04271 64 奥芬达唑 Oxfendazole 硝基咪唑类药物 C15H13N3O3S 53716-50-0 316.07504 9.65 284.04882,223.0576,191.03254,159.04271 65 噻苯哒唑 Thiabendazole 硝基咪唑类药物 C10H7N3S 148-79-8 202.04335 5.83 175.03244 66 替硝唑 Tinidazole 硝基咪唑类药物 C8H13N3O4S 19387-91-8 248.06996 4.96 121.03178,128.04545 67 奥硝唑 Ornidazole 硝基咪唑类药物 C7H10ClN3O3 16773-42-5 220.04835 6.41 128.04545 68 羟基甲硝唑 Metronidazole-Hydroxy 硝基咪唑类药物 C6H9N3O4 4812-40-2 188.06658 1.69 144.04037,126.0298,123.05529,68.04948 69 洛硝哒唑 Ronidazole 硝基咪唑类药物 C6H8N4O4 7681-76-7 201.06184 2.96 140.04545 70 莱克多巴胺 Ractopamine 兴奋剂类药物 C18H23NO3 97825-25-7 302.17508 6.79 284.16451,164.10699,136.07569,121.06479,107.04914 71 塞曼特罗 Cimaterol 兴奋剂类药物 C12H17N3O 54239-37-1 220.14444 2.29 202.13387,160.08692,143.06037 72 克伦特罗 Clenbuterol 兴奋剂类药物 C12H18Cl2N2O 37148-27-9 277.08690 7.45 259.07633,203.01373,168.04488,132.0682 73 氯丙那林 Clorprenaline 兴奋剂类药物 C11H16NOCl 3811-25-4 214.09932 7.03 196.08875,154.0418,118.06513 74 溴布特罗 Brombuterol 兴奋剂类药物 C12H18Br2N2O 41937-02-4 364.98587 8.33 290.9127,346.9753,211.99436 75 西马特罗 Cimbuterol 兴奋剂类药物 C13H19N3O 1246819-04-4 235.16792 4.47 216.14952,160.08692,143.06037 76 马布特罗 Mabuterol 兴奋剂类药物 C13H18ClF3N2O 54240-36-7 311.11325 8.57 293.10269,237.0396,217.03386,202.07123 77 妥洛特罗 Tolobuterol 兴奋剂类药物 C12H18ClNO 41570-61-0 228.11496 8.23 172.05237,154.0418,118.06513 78 诺氟沙星 Norfloxacin 喹诺酮类药物 C16H18FN3O3 70458-96-7 320.14050 6.5 276.15067,233.10847,256.14444 79 培氟沙星 Pefloxacin 喹诺酮类药物 C17H20FN3O3 70458-92-3 334.15615 6.41 290.16632,233.10847,205.07717 80 氧氟沙星 Ofloxacin 喹诺酮类药物 C18H20FN3O4 82419-36-1 362.15107 6.39 318.16123,261.10338,221.07208 81 依诺沙星 Enoxacin 喹诺酮类药物 C15H17FN4O3 74011-58-8 321.13575 6.35 277.14592,250.06225,257.13969,234.10372,206.07242 82 萘啶酸 Nalidixic Acid 喹诺酮类药物 C12H12N2O3 389-08-2 233.09207 10 205.06077,187.0502 83 恶喹酸 Oxolinic Acid 喹诺酮类药物 C13H11NO5 14698-29-4 262.07100 9.16 244.06043,234.0397,129.06988,117.06988 84 西诺沙星 Cinoxacin 喹诺酮类药物 C12H10N2O5 28657-80-9 263.06680 8.69 235.07133,217.06077,207.04003,189.02947,129.06988 85 氟甲喹 Flumequine 喹诺酮类药物 C14H12FNO3 42835-25-6 262.08795 10.15 244.07683,238.04987,220.04045 86 洛美沙星 Lomefloxacin 喹诺酮类药物 C17H19F2N3O3 98079-51-7 353.15455 7.12 308.1569,295.10771,265.1147,251.09905,237.0834 87 马波沙星 Marbofloxacin 喹诺酮类药物 C17H19FN4O4 11550-35-1 363.14686 5.93 320.10411,72.08078 88 吡哌酸 Pipemidic Acid 喹诺酮类药物 C14H17N5O3 51940-44-4 304.14097 5.51 217.10839,189.0779 89 红霉素 Erythromycin 大环内酯类药物 C37H67NO13 114-07-8 734.46852 10.25 158.11756,116.07061,576.37422,83.04914 90 林可霉素 Lincomycin 大环内酯类药物 C18H34N2O6S 154-21-2 407.22104 5.86 126.12773,359.21766 91 克林霉素 Clindamycin 大环内酯类药物 C18H33ClN2O5S 18323-44-9 425.18715 9.68 126.12773 92 交沙霉素 Josamycin 大环内酯类药物 C42H69NO15 16846-24-5 828.47400 10.6 127.07536,83.04914,600.33784,109.06479 93 白霉素 Leucomycin 大环内酯类药物 C40H67NO14 1392-21-8 786.46343 10.51 109.06479,174.11247,558.32727 94 竹桃霉素 Oleandomycin 大环内酯类药物 C35H61NO12 3922-90-5 688.42665 9.87 544.34801,158.11756,116.07061 95 泰乐菌素 Tylosin 大环内酯类药物 C46H77NO17 74610-55-2 916.52643 10.2 772.44778,174.11247,88.07569,83.04914 96 头孢氨苄 Cephalexin 头孢菌素类药物 C16H17N3O4S 15686-71-2 348.10126 6.79 158.02702,68.04948,118.06513,106.06513 97 头孢匹啉 Cefapirin 头孢菌素类药物 C17H17N3O6S2 21593-23-7 424.06316 5.01 292.05728,181.04301,152.01646,124.02154,193.04301 98 头孢克洛 Cefaclor 头孢菌素类药物 C15H14ClN3O4S 53994-73-3 368.04664 6.07 174.05496,106.06513,118.0418 99 头孢拉定 Cephradine 头孢菌素类药物 C16H19N3O4S 38821-53-3 350.11691 7.46 176.07061,158.02703,108.08078,91.05423 100 头孢匹罗 Cefpirome 头孢菌素类药物 C22H22N6O5S2 84957-29-9 515.11659 5.07 120.08078,167.02736,324.05747,125.00422 101 头孢他美酯 Cefetamet Pivoxyl 头孢菌素类药物 C20H25N5O7S2 65243-33-6 512.12682 10.44 482.11625,241.03899,197.04916,158.02703,126.01204 102 头孢唑啉 Cefazolin 头孢菌素类药物 C14H14N8O4S3 25953-19-9 455.03729 7.23 323.0557,295.06032,156.01138,132.98887 103 3-去乙酰基头孢噻肟 Desacetylcefotaxime 头孢菌素类药物 C14H15N5O6S2 66340-28-1 414.05366 4.69 285.01106,241.03899,156.02261,210.0206,126.01204 104 头孢孟多锂 Cefamandole Lithium 头孢菌素类药物 C18H18N6O5S2 58648-57-0 463.08529 8.71 158.02703,185.03792,108.0682 105 头孢哌酮钠 Cefoperazone Sodium 头孢菌素类药物 C25H27N9O8S2 62893-20-3 646.14968 8.06 290.11353,148.0393,143.0815 106 头孢噻肟 Cefotaxime 头孢菌素类药物 C16H17N5O7S2 63527-52-6 456.06422 6.97 396.04309,241.03899,201.04407,167.02736,152.01646 107 头孢他啶 Ceftazidime 头孢菌素类药物 C22H32N6O12S2 78439-06-2 637.15924 5.26 167.02736,396.07744,142.00696,277.01989 108 头孢洛宁 Cephalonium 头孢菌素类药物 C20H18N4O5S2 5575-21-3 459.07914 5.39 152.01646,158.02703,123.05529 109 头孢喹肟 Cefquinome 头孢菌素类药物 C23H24N6O5S2 84957-30-2 529.13224 5.83 134.09643,167.02736,324.05631 110 纳多洛尔 Nadolol β-受体阻断剂 C17H27NO4 42200-33-9 310.20129 6.47 254.13868,236.12812,201.09101 111 倍他洛尔 Betaxolol β-受体阻断剂 C18H29NO3 63659-18-7 308.22203 9.7 116.10699,98.09643,177.09101 112 索他洛尔 Sotalol β-受体阻断剂 C12H20N2O3S 3930-20-9 273.12674 2.47 255.11618,213.06922,133.07602,176.1308 113 阿替洛尔 Atenolol β-受体阻断剂 C14H22N2O3 29122-68-7 267.17032 3.71 190.08626,145.06479,116.10699 114 格列吡嗪 Glipizide 降糖药 C21H27N5O4S 29094-61-9 446.18565 10.68 321.1009,167.01613,111.05529,347.08016 115 瑞格列奈 Repaglinde 降糖药 C27H36N2O4 135062-02-1 453.27478 11.33 230.19033,162.12773,86.09643,174.12773 116 甲苯磺丁脲 Tolbutamide 降糖药 C12H18N2O3S 64-77-7 271.11109 10.58 74.09643,155.01613,172.04268,91.05423 表 3 116种化合物的线性方程、相关系数(R2)、回收率和相对标准偏差(n=6)
Table 3. Linear equations, correlation coefficients(R2), recoveries and RSDs (n=6) for 116 compounds
序号
No.中文名称
Chinses name英文名称
English name线性方程
Linear equationsR2
Correlation
coefficients加标水平/
(μg·L−1)
Addition回收率/%
Recoveries相对标
准偏差/%
RSD1 去氢睾酮 Boldenone y=2719000x+16390000 0.9987 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 65.0—85.6 11.2—14.0 2 群勃龙 Trenbolone y=3446000x+22080000 0.9953 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 72.1—77.0 3.5—4.6 3 泼尼松 Prednisone y=1493000x+475900 0.9981 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 83.4—88.3 2.1—4.0 4 可的松 Cortisone y=1738000x+845400 0.9992 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 85.2—110.8 14.2—19.8 5 氢化可的松 Hydrocortisone y=1598000x+628400 0.9981 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 81.6—88.2 3.2—4.3 6 甲基泼尼松龙 Methylprednisolone y=1468000x+1288000 0.9989 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 91.8—121.6 15.6—19.7 7 氟米龙 Fluoromethalone y=1085000x+8543000 0.9983 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 68.5—77.2 7.1—8.4 8 醋酸泼尼松 Prednisone 21-acetate y=1221000x+242500 0.999 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 70.8—96.0 7.2—9.4 9 醋酸可的松 Cortisone 21-acetate y=2055000x+1278000 0.9989 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 76.3—89.2 7.4—8.2 10 醋酸氢化可的松 Hydrocortisone 21-acetate y=915000x−12180000 0.9958 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 83.6—112.6 13.5—19.8 11 倍氯米松 Beclomethasone y=539200x−4318000 0.9998 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 71.4—77.6 1.2—2.2 12 氟米松 Flumethasone y=828800x+4351000 0.9982 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 73.5—78.3 3.1—4.5 13 甲基泼尼松龙醋酸酯 Methylprednisolone 21-acetate y=1039000x−599900 0.9996 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 67.2—72.0 1.0—1.5 14 醋酸氟氢可的松 Fludrocortisone 21-acetate y=1022000x+653400 0.9993 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 72.8—80.4 6.3—7.1 15 布地奈德 Budesonide y=1125000x+1050000 0.9991 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 60.4—64.0 0.3—1.9 16 丁酸氢化可的松 Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate y=695800x+144200 0.995 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 65.5—72.1 2.2—4.9 17 曲安奈德 Triamcinolone acetonide y=1123000x−5161000 0.9974 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 57.3—62.1 3.2—5.7 18 氟氢缩松 Fludroxycortide y=638100x+4885000 0.9948 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 73.8—79.8 3.4—5.5 19 地夫可特 Deflazacort y=3034000x+893600 0.9995 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 77.7—89.0 6.4—9.6 20 醋酸曲安奈德 Triamcinolone acetonide 21-acetate y=686900x−2935000 0.9974 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 75.1—83.0 5.2—7.1 21 泼尼卡酯 Prednicarbate y=966200x+286600 0.9987 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 86.0—114.2 15.3—19.9 22 二乙酸二氟拉松 Diflorasone diacetate y=1420000x−7205000 0.9963 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 65.2—77.5 9.8—12.1 23 曲安西龙双醋酸酯 Triamcinolone diacetate y=654300x+540100 0.9992 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 78.4—114.5 16.2—26.5 24 泼尼松龙 Prednisolone y=1105000x+243300 0.9986 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 87.0—111.4 13.2—17.4 25 地塞米松 Dexamethasone y=2287000x+1576000 0.9991 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 77.0—83.6 3.1—5.8 26 醋酸地塞米松 Dexamethasone 21-acetate y=1123000x−5161000 0.9974 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 57.3—62.1 2.7—5.7 27 醋酸倍他米松 Betamethasone 21-acetate y=1358000x+2135000 0.9976 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 75.7—79.4 0.9—3.1 28 莫美他松 Mometasone y=503500x−6801000 0.9953 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 52.9—67.9 13.3—17.2 29 醋酸氟轻松 Fluocinonide y=1420000x−7205000 0.9963 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 68.6—77.5 5.3—8.6 30 甲基睾丸酮 17-Methyltestosterone y=3210000x+23730000 0.9964 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 68.9—76.9 3.4—7.8 31 替诺昔康 Tenoxicam y=4320000x+11750000 0.9999 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 66.1—91.8 15.7—22.0 32 茚酮苯丙酸 Indoprofen y=3526000x+3107000 0.9988 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 57.8—59.0 1.2—2.4 33 双水杨酸酯 Sasapyrine y=167600x−18360 0.9993 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 81.9—87.5 3.1—4.7 34 酮基布洛芬 Ketoprofen y=2694000x+9828000 0.9994 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 53.5—55.5 1.1—2.4 35 氟尼辛 Flunixin y=14150000x+9799000 0.9986 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 64.9—82.0 10.9—15.5 36 吡罗昔康 Piroxicam y=3843000x+4811000 0.9995 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 70.6—83.3 8.8—10.8 37 托麦汀 Tolmetin y=2967000x+11170000 0.9998 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 66.9—68.5 0.7—1.7 38 磺胺嘧啶 Sulfadiazine y=10550000x+5633000 0.9982 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 71.6—97.0 16.4—20.2 39 磺胺噻唑 Sulfathiazole y=4722000x+11490000 0.9977 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 81.8—103.2 9.1—12.0 40 磺胺吡啶 Sulfapyridine y=18620000x+14880000 0.9952 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 69.8—70.9 0.8—1.1 41 磺胺甲基嘧啶 Sulfamerazine y=12720000x+2392000 0.9979 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 65.2—73.6 5.4—8.2 42 磺胺-6-(间)甲氧嘧啶 Sulfamonomethoxine y=4430000x+73870000 0.9941 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 69.7—87.3 12.3—15.9 43 磺胺甲噻二唑 Sulfamethizole y=2806000x+39640000 0.9947 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 66.2—79.1 10.2—12.1 44 磺胺-5-(对)甲氧嘧啶 Sulfameter y=4820000x+18330000 0.9966 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 75.0—95.5 12.1—17.0 45 磺胺氯哒嗪 Sulfachloropyridazine y=2152000x+31990000 0.9949 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 68.1—78.0 6.6—9.1 46 磺胺甲氧哒嗪 Sulfamethoxypyridazine y=11110000x+4319000 0.9948 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 67.0—75.2 5.3—7.9 47 磺胺多辛 Sulfadoxine y=14530000x+4660000 0.9956 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 65.7—68.4 1.3—2.4 48 磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶 Sulfadimethoxine y=5262000x+42110000 0.9975 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 49.8—67.9 14.6—19.8 49 磺胺甲基异恶唑 Sulfamethoxazole y=4314000x+72180000 0.9961 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 71.1—79.4 4.4—6.9 50 磺胺二甲异恶唑 Sulfisoxazole y=6876000x+9695000 0.9974 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 65.4—81.4 10.2—14.5 51 苯酰磺胺 Sulfabenzamide y=5304000x+11520000 0.9957 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 59.6—66.7 5.4—7.5 52 磺胺喹恶啉 Sulfaquinoxaline y=3337000x+18510000 0.9956 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 43.8—45.7 1.5—2.8 53 磺胺醋酰 Sulphacetamide y=6390000x+8831000 0.9944 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 63.2—80.2 11.4—15.6 54 三甲氧苄胺嘧啶 Trimethoprim y=21340000x+24010000 0.9917 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 64.5—70.8 3.5—5.5 55 磺胺苯吡唑 Sulfaphenazole y=9045000x+1989000 0.9969 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 53.4—55.4 1.3—2.6 56 磺胺二甲异嘧啶 Sulfisomidine y=6368000x+164200000 0.9946 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 62.6—68.8 3.2—6.2 57 磺胺二甲基恶唑 Sulfamoxole y=4557000x+54380000 0.9946 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 77.2—91.8 9.6—12.0 58 磺胺甲嘧啶 Sulfmethazine y=17700000x+35310000 0.9977 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 74.6—86.2 7.6—8.9 59 甲硝唑 Metronidazole y=8378000x+135000000 0.9955 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 78.8—91.6 7.6—10.2 60 二甲硝咪唑 Dimetridazole y=11200000x+89970000 0.9969 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 62.5—75.2 9.3—11.3 61 氯甲硝咪唑 5-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole y=3556000x+58830000 0.9946 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 75.8—83.4 3.4—5.4 62 苯硝咪唑 5-nitrobenzimidazole y=7716000x+45390000 0.9964 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 77.4—89.0 5.6—8.7 63 阿苯哒唑亚砜 Albendazole sulfoxide y=10880000x−58380 0.999 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 82.8—96.2 6.4—8.8 64 奥芬达唑 Oxfendazole y=5630000x+36980000 0.9972 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 60.1—66.6 5.6—7.1 65 噻苯哒唑 Thiabendazole y=26160000x+23830000 0.9984 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 73.8—82.1 4.3—7.1 66 替硝唑 Tinidazole y=10560000x+18220000 0.9972 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 80.1—87.9 4.8—6.2 67 奥硝唑 Ornidazole y=5664000x+76910000 0.9981 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 78.6—93.1 8.7—10.8 68 羟基甲硝唑 Metronidazole-hydroxy y=5682000x+5347000 0.9982 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 47.7—62.2 15.6—17.8 69 洛硝哒唑 Ronidazole y=5699000x+18060000 0.9966 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 99.8—115.8 6.8—9.4 70 莱克多巴胺 Ractopamine y=15570000x+10330000 0.9991 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 48.6—61.8 11.2—16.7 71 塞曼特罗 Cimaterol y=4977000x+52580000 0.9993 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 68.7—85.9 11.2—15.4 72 克伦特罗 Clenbuterol y=5393000x+58170000 0.9997 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 75.9—81.6 2.3—5.1 73 氯丙那林 Clorprenaline y=10820000x+65350000 0.9999 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 83.7—112.2 15.8—20.2 74 溴布特罗 Brombuterol y=2309000x+20690000 0.9989 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 76.6—102.2 13.5—18.9 75 西马特罗 Cimbuterol y=7576000x+80880000 0.9999 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 84.2—89.0 1.2—3.9 76 马布特罗 Mabuterol y=7671000x+55010000 0.9997 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 72.2—104.1 17.2—21.4 77 妥洛特罗 Tolobuterol y=11200000x+75170000 0.9987 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 83.4—107.2 9.8—13.2 78 诺氟沙星 Norfloxacin y=3218000x+371200 0.999 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 56.4—83.5 17.3—22.1 79 培氟沙星 Pefloxacin y=3536000x+3216000 0.9994 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 40.7—42.6 1.2—3.0 80 氧氟沙星 Ofloxacin y=6569000x+2919000 0.9993 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 48.2—58.6 8.8—11.7 81 依诺沙星 Enoxacin y=3263000x+6091000 0.9912 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 70.1—78.0 3.6—7.1 82 萘啶酸 Nalidixic acid y=14080000x+16630000 0.9988 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 73.8—84.1 5.8—8.9 83 恶喹酸 Oxolinic acid y=13790000x+1976000 0.9995 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 67.8—76.8 7.2—8.8 84 西诺沙星 Cinoxacin y=3995000x+26590000 0.9965 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 75.6—89.0 8.6—9.8 85 氟甲喹 Flumequine y=4578000x+34300000 0.9963 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 69.4—80.3 8.8—10.1 86 洛美沙星 Lomefloxacin y=5798000x+5561000 0.9971 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 45.6—57.3 14.4—16.0 87 马波沙星 Marbofloxacin y=1967000x+36100000 0.9927 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 52.8—54.2 0.9—1.6 88 吡哌酸 Pipemidic Acid y=437500x+85350000 0.9954 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 57.9—68.8 9.4—11.8 89 红霉素 Erythromycin y=34090x−385000 0.9976 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 78.2—87.6 6.3—8.0 90 林可霉素 Lincomycin y=4200000x+51220000 0.9978 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 74.0—95.5 13.2—16.5 91 克林霉素 Clindamycin y=3753000x+6552000 0.9996 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 76.1—91.4 10.2—12.5 92 交沙霉素 Josamycin y=922500x−3589000 0.9968 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 49.3—60.2 11.2—13.5 93 白霉素 Leucomycin y=82950x−367600 0.9972 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 43.6—67.8 15.8—22.1 94 竹桃霉素 Oleandomycin y=1711000x+5665000 0.9989 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 69.2—76.8 6.1—7.2 95 泰乐菌素 Tylosin y=381200x+288400 0.9987 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 43.2—54.4 12.2—15.8 96 头孢氨苄 Cephalexin y=2115000x+1315000 0.9995 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 64.3—89.4 16.7—20.1 97 头孢匹啉 Cefapirin y=785800x+200300 0.9997 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 100.5—119.9 10.1—12.2 98 头孢克洛 Cefaclor y=981900x−3954000 0.9974 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 78.1—105.3 17.2—19.3 99 头孢拉定 Cephradine y=1924000x+3040000 0.9999 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 72.2—99.1 15.7—19.2 100 头孢匹罗 Cefpirome y=69940x−357300 0.9997 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 75.7—84.7 5.8—7.4 101 头孢他美酯 Cefetamet pivoxyl y=3642000x−841100 0.9979 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 83.4—103.9 12.2—16.4 102 头孢唑啉 Cefazolin y=405300x+1129000 0.9977 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 75.6—93.0 11.2—14.3 103 3-去乙酰基头孢噻肟 Desacetylcefotaxime y=633600x−294600 0.9972 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 77.0—92.3 10.3—12.4 104 头孢孟多锂 Cefamandole lithium y=357300x−210700 0.998 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 76.6—88.5 7.8—10.1 105 头孢哌酮钠 Cefoperazone sodium y=121200x−974200 0.9993 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 83.3—91.5 5.2—6.3 106 头孢噻肟 Cefotaxime y=1477000x−497400 0.9989 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 70.8—95.8 17.6—20.3 107 头孢他啶 Ceftazidime y=25320x−91890 0.9947 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 74.2—88.8 9.8—11.3 108 头孢洛宁 Cephalonium y=587900x−519600 0.9952 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 79.7—91.7 6.5—8.7 109 头孢喹肟 Cefquinome y=45200x−164900 0.9937 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 75.7—87.5 6.9—9.4 110 纳多洛尔 Nadolol y=6954000x+42420000 0.9996 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 85.1—105.6 13.2—15.1 111 倍他洛尔 Betaxolol y=9230000x+86980000 0.9946 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 50.6—64.8 14.6—17.2 112 索他洛尔 Sotalol y=4657000x+44590000 0.9954 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 70.6—107.8 18.2—21.4 113 阿替洛尔 Atenolol y=6558000x+53250000 0.9983 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 41.7—64.2 13.6—19.8 114 格列吡嗪 Glipizide y=1392000x+3808000 0.9983 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 50.9—54.2 2.2—4.2 115 瑞格列奈 Repaglinde y=11760000x+54470000 0.9991 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 41.1—59.4 16.5—18.9 116 甲苯磺丁脲 Tolbutamide y=3499000x+7764000 0.9999 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 72.9—84.5 7.6—9.2 表 4 水样中PPCPs的定量分析结果
Table 4. Quantitative analysis results of the water samples
化合物
Compounds青云河水库
点位1
Qingyunhe
Reservoir S1青云河水库
点位2
Qingyunhe
Reservoir S2石门子水库
点位1
Shimenzi
Reservoir S1石门子水库
点位2
Shimenzi
Reservoir S2大渔沟水库
点位1
Dayugou
Reservoir S1大渔沟水库
点位2
Dayugou
Reservoir S2北大河水库
点位1
Beidahe
Reservoir S1北大河水库
点位2
Beidahe
Reservoir s2泼尼松 ND ND <LOQ ND ND ND ND ND 可的松 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ ND ND ND <LOQ 甲基泼尼松龙 ND ND ND 0.41 1.64 ND ND ND 醋酸泼尼松 1.23 1.18 1.27 1.6 1.82 1.84 1.31 1.6 醋酸可的松 ND 0.85 0.78 ND 1.1 1.67 ND 0.78 醋酸氢化可的松 ND 0.84 <LOQ ND 2.34 ND 0.86 0.4 甲基泼尼松龙醋酸酯 0.56 ND 0.66 ND ND 1.03 0.42 ND 醋酸氟氢可的松 <LOQ 0.41 <LOQ 0.46 <LOQ 0.49 0.42 0.41 布地奈德 ND ND ND <LOQ ND ND ND ND 丁酸氢化可的松 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ ND ND 0.40 <LOQ 泼尼卡酯 ND ND ND ND ND <LOQ ND ND 曲安西龙双醋酸酯 ND ND ND ND 0.58 0.47 ND ND 泼尼松龙 ND ND ND ND 1.85 ND ND ND 注:ND, 未检出. ND, not detected. <LOQ, 小于定量限. <LOQ, less than LOQ. -
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