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硫酸二甲酯是重要的化工原料,在药物合成中常做为甲基化试剂[1-3],例如,在泮托拉唑钠原料药合成工艺中即用到该试剂。但硫酸二甲酯是潜在的致癌物质,作用与芥子气相似,急性毒性类似光气,其毒性比氯气大15倍,可以破坏DNA结构[4-5] ,属于高毒类物质,因此在药物合成过程中需严格控制其含量。由于硫酸二甲酯的致癌致畸性,欧盟将其列入第八批需授权物质候选清单,被人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会指南ICH M7[6]分类为3类基因毒性杂质,在1999年被国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)[7]划分为2A类致癌物。因此,检测药物中残留的硫酸二甲酯含量对于控制临床用药的安全性具有非常重要的意义。
据报道,硫酸二甲酯的相关检测方法主要有气相色谱法[8-9]、气质联用法[10-15]、液相方法[16]、液质联用法[17]。张耕[8]采用气相色谱检测工作场所中硫酸二甲酯含量,需进行柱前衍生化,衍生化试剂、分散剂等对其衍生化效率均有影响,检测限为120 ng·mL−1。采用液相色谱法[16]检测化学合成丹皮酚中的硫酸二甲酯残留量同样需要衍生化,其效率影响检测准确度。药品中的硫酸二甲酯含量亦可以采用衍生化后顶空气相色谱法检测[9],但需要考察衍生化条件,操作步骤繁琐。有学者[10]采用气相色谱-质谱联用法检测化妆品中硫酸二甲酯含量,回收率仅为22.2%—55.8%。目前报道的气质联用[11-14]检测二甲酯含量的检测限在µg·mL−1水平,灵敏度低。液相色谱质谱联用方法检测灵敏度高,无需样品衍生化,但硫酸二甲酯的保留较弱,保留时间不到1 min,且检测成本高。因此,亟需一种操作简单、灵敏度高、成本低廉的硫酸二甲酯检测方法。
室温下硫酸二甲酯在碱水中易水解为硫酸单甲酯,利用这一化学性质,本文建立采用离子色谱检测泮托拉唑钠原料药中硫酸单甲酯的方法,以达到通过硫酸单甲酯的含量获得硫酸二甲酯含量的目的,为有效控制药品中硫酸二甲酯含量提供技术支撑。该方法准确、灵敏度高、精密度好、成本低廉、操作简便快速,不仅可以测定泮托拉唑钠中硫酸二甲酯的含量,也适用于其他原料药和制剂中硫酸二甲酯含量的检测。
离子色谱法检测泮托拉唑钠原料药中硫酸二甲酯
Determination of dimethyl sulphate in pantoprazole sodium active pharmaceutical ingredient by ion chromatography
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摘要: 建立了一种准确测定泮托拉唑钠原料药中残留硫酸二甲酯含量的离子色谱方法。利用硫酸二甲酯可以完全水解为硫酸单甲酯的反应,样品经氢氧化钠溶液溶解后,采用离子色谱法,以氢氧化钾为淋洗液,阴离子抑制器条件下,采用电导检测器检测硫酸单甲酯含量,经计算实现准确测定硫酸二甲酯含量的目的。硫酸单甲酯的检测限低至7 ng·mL−1,在15 ng·mL−1—5 μg·mL−1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.9998,低、中、高浓度的加标回收率在87.5%—98.5%之间,定量限浓度溶液连续进样6次,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.5%。该方法准确、灵敏度高、精密度好、成本低、操作简便快速,不仅可用于泮托拉唑钠原料药中硫酸二甲酯的含量测定,同时也为其他原料药和制剂中硫酸二甲酯含量测定提供了参考依据。Abstract: This study aimed to develop a strategy for the determination of dimethyl sulphate in pantoprazole sodium Active Principal Ingredient (API) employing ion chromatography (IC). API samples were first dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution. Then, methyl hydrogen sulphate was determined by IC in electric conductivity detector mode under the anion suppressor by using KOH solution as the eluent. Due to that dimethyl sulphate hydrolyzes to equivalent mole of methyl hydrogen sulphate, the concentration of dimethyl sulphate could be obtained by analyzing the methyl hydrogen sulphate concentration. The limit of detection was 7 ng·mL−1. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 15 ng·mL−1 to 5 μg·mL−1 with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9998. The spiked recoveries were between 87.5% and 98.5% at three concentration levels (low, medium and high). The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 6.5% from six consecutive LOQ concentration analyses of the same sample. The method is accurate, sensitive, precise, and low cost with minimum sample preparation. It is not only a suitable approach for the determination of dimethyl sulphate in pantoprazole sodium API, but also a guideline for dimethyl sulphate quantification in other types of API and preparations.
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Key words:
- dimethyl sulphate /
- methyl hydrogen sulphate /
- ion chromatography /
- pantoprazole sodium
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表 1 硫酸单甲酯回收率结果
Table 1. Results of recoveries and RSDs for methyl hydrogen sulphate
称样量/mg
Sample weight体积/mL
Volume峰面积
Peak area加入量/μg
Spiked测得量/μg
Result回收率/%
Recovery均值/%
AverageRSD/% 251.23 50 0.0018 2.079 2.047 98.5 93.2 3.7 250.71 50 0.0017 2.019 1.933 95.8 251.65 50 0.0020 2.416 2.275 94.2 250.71 50 0.0034 4.158 3.867 93.0 250.78 50 0.0033 4.038 3.753 92.9 251.75 50 0.0040 4.832 4.549 94.2 250.90 50 0.0048 6.237 5.459 87.5 251.51 50 0.0047 6.057 5.346 88.3 251.12 50 0.0060 7.248 6.824 94.2 表 2 泮托拉唑钠原料药中硫酸单甲酯检测结果及硫酸二甲酯计算结果
Table 2. Results of methyl hydrogen sulphate and dimethyl sulphate in pantoprazole sodium API
批号 201101 201201 201202 201203 200512 200619 200708 硫酸单甲酯/(µg·g−1) 6.61 6.40 5.20 6.63 ND ND ND 硫酸二甲酯计算量/(µg·g−1) 7.44 7.20 5.85 7.46 ND ND ND ND,未检出. ND, not detected. -
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