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全球变暖已成事实,《中国气候变化蓝皮书》(2021)显示[1],包括中国在内的全球气候变暖仍在持续,我国仍是全球气候变化的敏感区和影响显著区,升温速率明显高于全球同期平均水平。 气候变化将导致区域生态稳定性降低,改变温度、光照、水资源等农业关键要素的时空分布格局,极易引发干旱、洪涝等气象灾害,对农业生产构成严重威胁[2]。特别是干旱、半干旱区,生态系统脆弱,对气候变化的响应更为直接和敏感[3],而我国有超一半的国土面积属于干旱、半干旱区,这意味着我们将同时面临气候变暖与干旱的双重威胁,由此可能对农业生产、环境生态、人类健康等诸多领域产生深远影响[4]。《The Lancet-Planetary Health》发布的研究显示[5],未来30年,气候变化将导致小麦、水稻、玉米等粮食作物中核心营养元素如蛋白质、铁和锌的可供应量将分别降低19.5%、14.4%和14.6%。上述问题通过食物链的逐级放大作用,势必造成全球范围内的“隐形饥饿”(营养素摄入不足或营养失衡)问题的进一步凸显[6],并最终可能威胁到人类的正常生存与发展。目前,国内外有关气候变暖、干旱等环境胁迫对作物矿质元素影响的研究已取得一定进展,如Li等[7]、Sardans等[8]的相关研究,但已有研究大多仅涉及单一因素,有关气候变暖与干旱复合胁迫的研究尚不多见,涉及亚细胞层面的探索则更为缺乏。
为全面深入探索气候变化对农业生态、食品品质、人类健康等可能产生的深远影响,揭示其规律及其内在的机理机制,本研究采用人工智能气候室,在干旱半干旱区,进行了气候变暖和干旱复合胁迫对小麦幼苗在亚细胞水平矿质元素动态富集的影响研究,旨在探索未来复杂气候变化背景下,作物矿质养分吸收、分布、利用的微观响应动态及其机理,以期为预估气候变化对农业生态、人类健康可能产生的远期效应提供理论依据,为农业系统科学应对气候变化提供重要参考。
模拟气候变暖与干旱复合胁迫对小麦幼苗亚细胞水平Fe、Zn动态积累的影响
Effects of simulated climate warming and drought combined stress on dynamic accumulation of Fe and Zn at subcellular level in wheat seedlings
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摘要: 为了解气候变化背景下,作物矿质养分利用在亚细胞水平的响应动态及其机理,本研究在人工气候室通过模拟实验,开展了气候变暖与干旱复合胁迫对小麦幼苗亚细胞水平Fe、Zn动态积累影响的探索. 研究显示,随着胁迫程度增加,小麦幼苗根、叶部对Fe、Zn元素的富集均呈显著下降趋势,根、叶部Fe最低分别下降至对照的0.56倍和0.58倍,Zn最低分别下降至对照的0.59倍和0.74倍. 小麦幼苗根、叶部各亚细胞组分中的Fe、Zn含量随胁迫水平的提高均呈现不同程度下降,各亚细胞分布比例变化不明显. Fe自根向茎叶部迁移呈现先降低后回升的趋势,各处理Fe转移系数分别为对照组的0.66、0.78、1.06倍;Zn自根向茎叶部的迁移呈现先升高后逐渐稳定的趋势,各处理Zn转移系数分别为对照组的1.15、1.24、1.24倍. 结果表明, 增温与干旱复合胁迫可在不同层面对小麦幼苗Fe、Zn元素的动态富集产生影响,最终可能对农业生产及人类健康产生不利影响. 本研究将为农业系统科学应对气候变化提供参考。Abstract: In order to understand the dynamics response and mechanism of mineral nutrient utilization of crop at the subcellular level under the background of climate change, a simulated experiment was conducted in the artificial climate chamber to evaluate the combined effects of climate warming and drought stress on the bio-accumulation of Fe and Zn at subcellular level in Wheat Seedlings. The results showed with the increase of stress degree, the enrichment of Fe and Zn in roots and leaves of wheat seedlings had a significant downward trend. The lowest content of Fe in roots and leaves decreased to 0.56 and 0.58 times of the control group, Zn decreased to 0.59 and 0.74 times of the control group, respectively. The contents of Fe and Zn in the subcellular components of roots and leaves of wheat seedlings decreased with the increase of stress level. However, the proportion of subcellular distribution showed no significant change. The migration of Fe from root to stem and leaf showed a trend of first decreasing and then rising, the transfer coefficients of Fe in each treatment were 0.66, 0.78 and 1.06 times that of the control group, respectively. The migration of Zn from root to stem and leaf showed a trend of first increasing and then gradually stabilizing, the transfer coefficients of Zn in each treatment were 1.15, 1.24 and 1.24 times that of the control group, respectively. The results showed that the combined stress of warming and drought could affect the dynamic enrichment of Fe and Zn in wheat seedlings at different levels, which would eventually have an adverse impact on agricultural production and human health. This study will provide a reference for the agricultural system to deal with climate change scientifically.
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Key words:
- climate warming /
- drought /
- wheat seedlings /
- Fe and Zn
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表 1 模拟处理条件和对照设计详表
Table 1. Details about the three simulated climate treatments and the untreated control condition
A TD1 TD2 TD3 气温升高/℃
Temperature rise value+0 +1 +2 +3 土壤持水量
Relative soil moisture capacity70%—75% 60%—65% 45%—50% 30%—35% 表 2 实验前供试地耕作层(0—20 cm)土壤农化性质
Table 2. Soil agrochemical properties of the cultivated layer (0—20 cm) of the test land before the experiment
处理
Treatments有机质/(g·kg−1)
Organic
matter总氮/(g·kg−1)
Total
nitrogen碱解氮/(mg·kg−1)
Alkali-hydro
nitrogen速效磷/(mg·kg−1)
Rapidly-available
phosphorus速效钾/(mg·kg−1)
Rapidly-available
potassiumpH值
pHA 10.60±0.68 a 0.89±0.11 a 79.54±7.76 a 28.52±2.01 a 296.39±17.46 a 7.96±0.19 a TD1 10.54±0.91 a 0.82±0.09 a 83.16±6.41 a 29.65±1.91 a 293.58±13.68 a 8.04±0.29 a TD2 10.36±0.92 a 0.83±0.09 a 86.11±7.66 a 29.82±2.24 a 296.57±13.50 a 7.97±0.26 a TD3 10.48±0.75 a 0.89±0.15 a 82.52±8.53 a 30.42±2.41 a 292.64±12.60 a 7.89±0.31 a 注:表中数据为5个样点的平均值±标准差,各列4种处理间相同字母代表无统计学显著性差异,pH值测定在水土比5︰1 条件下进行.
Note: the data in the table are the average value ± standard deviation of five sample points; the same letter between the four treatments in each column represents no statistically significant difference. The pH value was measured under the condition of water soil ratio of 5:1.表 3 供试地耕作层(0—20cm)土壤元素有效态含量
Table 3. Available state content of soil elements in the cultivated layer (0—20cm) of the test land
处理Treatments A TD1 TD2 TD3 Fe/(μg·g−1) 7.71±1.07a 6.92±0.62 a 6.87±0.77 a 7.63±0.64 a Zn/(μg·g−1) 4.89±0.34 a 5.26±0.54 a 5.35±0.40 a 5.22±0.67a 注:表中数据为5个样点的平均值±标准差,各行4种处理间相同字母代表无统计学显著性差异.
Note: the data in the table are the average value ± standard deviation of five sample points; the same letter between the four treatments in each column represents no statistically significant difference. -
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