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大规模工业化以来,全球水污染事件频发. 以我国为例,随着工业化发展,中国经历了急剧的环境恶化,造成了大范围的水体污染和生态破坏. 例如在我国太湖流域的部分地区,被发现水体、沉积物等重金属浓度过高,在鱼类和牡蛎各器官中发现铅、铜、镉和铬等重金属高度富集[1];地表水中常常有消毒副产物的检出[2];湖泊不同环境介质中抗生素普遍存在;在全球范围内,水和沉积物中抗生素的暴露水平相对较高[3]. 目前传统的水体污染治理修复的方法主要有离子交换法、膜处理法、混凝-絮凝法、植物修复法、光催化法等[4-7],然而上述方法尚且存在一定的缺陷:膜处理法由于是通过压力驱动,往往需要很高的能量,使得处理成本大幅提高;且在膜直接过滤过程中,废水中的有机物、无机物、悬浮物等成分是潜在的污染物,会造成严重的膜污染,导致膜的使用寿命缩短[8-9];对于植物修复来说,虽然其成本低且绿色环保,但其也面临着严重耗时又耗空间的问题[10-11];光催化法同样面临着对于可见光的利用率低以及光催化剂用于大规模安装后的快速分离和回收困难的问题[12-13].
而纳米零价铁材料能一定程度上弥补上述缺陷,其为一种直径大小介于1—100 nm之间的“零价”铁颗粒,其结构为“壳核结构”,即由铁氧化物壳层和零价铁内核构成[14-15],因为其具有良好的还原性能[16-17](其标准氧化还原电位约为−0.45 V)、吸附性能[18-19]、优良的比表面积[20-21]、产量丰富、易于获取和制备以及成本低廉等优势而在水处理中有良好的应用前景[22-24],能够广泛地去除水体中的污染物[25]. 已有的研究表明,纳米零价铁可以有效地去除水体中的重金属、卤代物、硝基芳烃、染料化合物等污染物[26-30]. 铁是地壳中含量最丰富的金属元素之一[31],制备纳米零价铁的原料来源广泛,同时,铁元素是地球化学循环的重要元素之一[32],因此纳米零价铁是绿色环境纳米材料,能最大限度地减少环境的二次污染[33-34]. 1997年,在Environmental Science & Technology上报道了纳米零价铁用于地下水中卤代有机物还原脱卤以来,有关nZVI用于环境治理的研究蓬勃展开. 1997年距今的25年间,科技的进步推动了纳米零价铁这一领域的发展,研究者借助不断更新的技术对纳米零价铁的制备、改性、机理以及环境应用做出了深入的探究, 图1为近25年来在纳米零价铁的研究历程[35-41],从纳米零价铁的制备(球磨法、化学还原法等)、纳米零价铁的改性(负载改性、硫化改性、双金属改性等)、通过高分辨透射电镜(transmission electronic microscope, TEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)、能量损失谱(energy electron lose spectra,EELS)、基于同步辐射光的X-射线吸收精细结构谱(X-ray adsorption fine structure,XAFS)等光谱学技术微观观察纳米零价铁表面性质、推测纳米零价铁去除污染物的机理,再到纳米零价铁的实际应用,纳米零价铁环境化学已经发展成为一个引人注目的学科.
文献计量学是一种分析某一科研领域发展的科学方法,知识图谱是文献计量学的一种表示方法,知识图谱是通过图的形式表达事物之间内在联系的知识库[42]. CiteSpace是目前应用较为广泛的绘制知识图谱的可视化软件,通过CiteSpace可视化分析,可以体现出某一研究领域的研究现状、合作网络、研究热点等[43-44]. 该文通过CiteSpace软件分析了25年来发表在Web of Science核心合集上的期刊文章,分析总结了25年来纳米零价铁在水体污染修复治理方面的研究进展以及未来可能的热点研究方向.
基于文献计量学的纳米零价铁水污染控制研究热点分析
Research hotspot analysis of nano zero-valent iron for water pollution treatment based on bibliometrics
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摘要: 近几十年来,随着工业生产的不断发展,水体污染事件频发. 纳米零价铁(nano zero-valent iron,nZVI)作为水体污染治理修复研究的热点材料之一而受到广泛关注. 该综述基于CiteSpace 6.1.R6可视化软件,对Web of science核心合集数据库25年(1997—2022年)有关纳米零价铁在水体污染修复治理方面的文献进行检索,得到满足检索条件的2479篇文献并进行了可视化分析. 结果表明:(1)25年来,纳米零价铁在水体污染修复治理方面的发展经历了初步探索期、缓慢发展期、迅速增长期的3个时期,发文量分别占总发文量的0.4%、14.5%和85.1%. (2)国家和机构之间的联系和合作较为密切,而作者之间的合作较为松散. (3)3个时期的研究热点各不相同,研究的主题不断拓宽,未来可能的研究热点是纳米零价铁的绿色低成本合成方法探究、纳米零价铁去除污染物原子尺度机理研究以及与微生物技术等联合处理复杂介质中的污染物等.Abstract: In recent decades, with the continuous development of industrial production, water pollution incidents have occurred frequently. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has received much attention as one of the hot materials for water pollution control. Based on the CiteSpace 6.1.R6 visualization software, this review covers Web of science core collection database for 25 years (1997—2022) for nZVI in water remediation. The results show that: (1) In the past 25 years, the development of nZVI in water pollution treatment has gone through three periods: the initial exploration period, the slow development period and the rapid growth period, with the number of publications accounting for 0.4%, 14.5% and 85.1% of the total number of publications, respectively; (2) The connection and cooperation among countries and institutions are closer, while the cooperation among authors is looser; (3) The research hotspots of the three periods are different, and the research topics are constantly broadened. The potential research hotspots in the future are the exploration of green and low cost synthesis methods of nZVI, the study of atomic scale mechanism of nZVI to remove pollutants, and the joint treatment of pollutants in complex media with microbial technology.
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Key words:
- bibliometrics /
- nanoscale zero-valent iron /
- CiteSpace /
- water pollution.
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表 1 近25年纳米零价铁用于水体污染治理领域发文前十的国家/地区、作者、机构
Table 1. The top ten countries/regions, authors and institutions in the field of water pollution control using nanoscale zero-valent iron in the past 25 years
排名
Ranking国家/地区
Countries or regions作者
Author机构
Institution1 Peoples Republic of China(1333) Zhang Wei-xian(40) Chinese Academy of Science(175) 2 USA(337) Eljamal Osama(25) Tongji University(122) 3 Iran(182) Chen Zuliang(22) Zhejiang University (63) 4 India(134) Dong Haoran(21) Hunan University (47) 5 South Korea(119) Xu Jiang(19) Harbin lnstitute of Technology (39) 6 Taiwan(93) Zeng Guangming(18) Islamic Azad University (34) 7 Australia(88) Wang Wei(18) Carnegie Mellon University (34) 8 Czech Republic(64) Cernik Miroslav(17) Tsinghua University (33) 9 Canada(62) Lowry Gregory V(16) Shandong University (32) 10 Italy(52) Mukheriee Amitava(14) South China University Technology(32) 注:括号内数据为发文篇数. Note: The data in brackets are the number of articles published. 表 2 缓慢发展期的纳米零价铁用于水体污染治理领域的关键词突现
Table 2. Burstness of keywords in the field of application of nanoscale zero-valent iron to water pollution control in the slow development period
关键词
Keywords突现强度
Strength开始年份
Starting year结束年份
End year2005—2013年 nanoscale iron particle 3.17 2005 2007 ▲▲▲■■■■■■ chlorinated methane 3.44 2005 2006 ▲▲■■■■■■■ carbon tetrachloride 3.01 2005 2007 ▲▲▲■■■■■■ granular iron 2.73 2005 2008 ▲▲▲▲■■■■■ kinetics 2.81 2006 2007 ■▲▲■■■■■■ contaminant 2.63 2006 2009 ●▲▲▲▲■■■■ nanoscale iron 2.39 2006 2008 ●▲▲▲■■■■■ tce dechlorination 3.91 2008 2010 ●●■▲▲▲■■■ nanoiron 2.76 2008 2010 ●●●▲▲▲■■■ 注:表中三角形代表关键词的突现,正方形代表关键词未突现,圆形代表关键词未出现.
Note: In the table, triangles represent the burstness of keywords, rectangles represent the non-burstness of keywords, and ellipses represent the absence of keywords.表 3 迅速增长期的纳米零价铁用于水体污染治理领域的关键词突现
Table 3. Burstness of keywords in the field of application of nanoscale zero-valent iron to water pollution control in the rapid growth period
关键词
Keywords突现强度
Strength开始年份
Starting year结束年份
End year2014—2022年
From 2014 to 2022关键词
Keywords突现强度
Strength开始年份
Starting year结束年份
End year2014—2022年
From 2014 to 2022particle 8.63 2014 2016 ▲▲▲■■■■■■ nanoscale zero valent iron 4.91 2015 2016 ■▲▲■■■■■■ spectroscopy 6.51 2014 2017 ▲▲▲▲■■■■■ transport 4.31 2015 2016 ■▲▲■■■■■■ porous media 5.91 2014 2016 ▲▲▲■■■■■■ chromate reduction 4.01 2015 2017 ●▲▲▲■■■■■ dechlorination 5.79 2014 2016 ▲▲▲■■■■■■ environmental application 3.9 2015 2017 ●▲▲▲■■■■■ nitrate reduction 5.23 2014 2015 ▲▲■■■■■■■ nitrate removal 3.95 2017 2018 ■■■▲▲■■■■ sedimentation 5.1 2014 2016 ▲▲▲■■■■■■ microbial community 4.14 2019 2022 ●●●●●▲▲▲▲ modified Fe0 nanoparticle 4.77 2014 2016 ▲▲▲■■■■■■ magnetic biochar 4.06 2019 2020 ●●●●●▲▲■■ granular iron 4.72 2014 2017 ▲▲▲▲■■■■■ removal mechanism 3.89 2019 2022 ●●●●●▲▲▲▲ polybrominated diphenyl ether 4.61 2014 2015 ▲▲■■■■■■■ performance 6.52 2020 2022 ■■■■■■▲▲▲ metallic iron 4.6 2014 2017 ▲▲▲▲■■■■■ biochar 4.19 2020 2022 ●●●■■■▲▲▲ Fe 4.16 2014 2015 ▲▲■■■■■■■ activation 3.9 2020 2022 ■■■■■■▲▲▲ hydrogen peroxide 3.97 2014 2016 ▲▲▲■■■■■■ sulfidation 3.9 2020 2022 ■■■■■■▲▲▲ TCE dechlorination 5.21 2015 2018 ●▲▲▲▲■■■■ 表 4 近5年纳米零价铁用于水体污染治理领域的关键词突现
Table 4. Burstness of keywords in the field of application of nanoscale zero-valent iron to water pollution control in recent five years
关键词
Keywords突现强度
Strength开始年份
Starting year结束年份
End year2018—2022年
From 2018 to 2022green synthesis 2.1 2018 2019 ▲▲■■■ sulfate radical 1.76 2018 2019 ▲▲■■■ system 1.75 2018 2019 ▲▲■■■ reactivity 1.45 2018 2019 ▲▲■■■ nano iron 1.41 2018 2019 ▲▲■■■ enhanced sequestration 1.4 2018 2019 ▲▲■■■ metal ion 1.4 2018 2019 ▲▲■■■ ferrous ion 1.84 2019 2020 ●▲▲■■ sulfidation 1.45 2020 2022 ●●▲▲▲ 表 5 纳米零价铁基材料用于水体污染修复治理领域的高被引/他引文献
Table 5. High cited literature in the field of application of nanoscale zero-valent iron to water pollution control
作者
Author文献号
DOI时间
Time被引/他
引频次CF期刊
Periodical标题
TitleZHANG W X[58] 10.1023/A:1025520116015 2003 1517 Journal of Nanoparticle Research Nanoscale iron particles for environmental remediation: An overview KHIN M M ,等[59] 10.1039/c2ee21818f 2012 887 Energy & Environmental Science A review on nanomaterials for environmental remediation ZOU Y D,等[60] 10.1021/acs.est.6b01897 2016 878 Environmental Science & Technology Environmental Remediation and Application of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron and Its Composites for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions:A Review FAN D M,等[61] 10.1021/acs.est.7b04177 2017 239 Environmental Science & Technology Sulfidation of Iron-Based Materials: A Review of Processes and Implications for Water Treatment and Remediation -
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