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随着我国纺织印染行业的高速发展,纺织印染废水已经成为重要的工业废水排放来源. 据统计,我国染料年产量达到77万—79万t,约占全世界总产量的2/3[1]. 印染纺织废水具有成分复杂、色度高、可生化性差等特性,成为难处理工业废水之一. 活性红3BS是一种典型偶氮染料被广泛的应用于纺织印染行业中,对水体中的各类生物具有强烈的毒害作用,经过食物链富集进入人体后可以引起人类恶性肿瘤病变,引发各种恶性疾病[2].
染料的降解工艺主要包括生物法、物理法和化学法. 生物法具有成本低、环境友好等优点,但微生物容易被染料的毒性抑制,对高浓度染料废水去除效果并不理想;物理法主要是利用吸附剂的高比表面积将液相中的污染物吸附至固体表面或内部孔道,对多种类型的染料具备处理能力,但没有实现从根本上消除污染物,吸附剂的再生和处置可能会造成二次污染等问题[3]. 因此,基于硫酸根盐自由基(SO4·−)的高级氧化技术因其能高效、快速降解水体各类高浓度染料而受到广泛关注与研究[4]. 一般而言,激活过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生SO4·−的方法包括超声、光辐射、紫外光等,耗能较大且对设备要求较高[5];而在均相反应中引入过渡金属虽然能够提高催化效果,但又易造成金属离子溶出形成污染[6]. 因此,制备碳基载铁改性材料作为非均相催化剂既可有效激活PMS增强降解效率[7],又能避免金属离子的二次污染. 除此之外,磁性生物炭的磁响应特征可以提高催化材料的可回收率[8],具有较高的应用研究价值.
本文通过生物沥滤将离子态铁负载到生物炭上,通过对铁负载材料进行二次热解改性制备出具有磁性的铁基生物炭(Fe3O4@BC)用于高浓度染料废水脱色研究. 生物沥滤驱动制备的磁性生物炭相较于传统方法简洁高效,为磁性生物炭的制备提供了新的的方法与路径.
生物沥滤法制备Fe3O4@BC协同PMS对活性红3BS染料的降解
Study on the decolorization effect of bioleaching-driven Fe3O4@BC-activated PMS on reactive red 3BS
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摘要: 磁性生物炭的制备方法包括物理法和化学法,制备要求较高. 本文通过生物沥滤将离子态铁负载到生物炭上,对铁负载生物炭二次热解改性,运用SEM、XRD、XPS、FTIR等手段对材料进行表征,制备出具有磁性的铁基生物炭(Fe3O4@BC). 研究材料改性前后及协同PMS对活性红3BS染料的降解过程及机理,探讨了环境因素对染料降解效果的影响,在最佳反应条件下,协同作用对200 mg·L−1的活性红3BS染料废水脱色效果达到93.8 %. 自由基猝灭实验证实反应机理是Fe3O4@BC/PMS体系中自由基和非自由基途径生成的SO4·−和1O2参与了对染料的协同降解. 五次循环利用后催化体系对染料的降解效率仍能达到31.2 %. 本研究为磁性生物炭在高浓度染料废水处理方向提供了新的方法和路径.Abstract: The preparation methods of magnetic biochar include physical and chemical methods with high preparation requirements. In this paper, iron-based biochar (Fe3O4@BC) with magnetic properties was prepared by loading ionic iron onto biochar through bioleaching, modifying iron-loaded biochar by secondary pyrolysis, and characterizing the material by using SEM, XRD, XPS, and FTIR. The degradation process and mechanism of reactive red 3BS dyestuff before and after material modification and synergistic PMS were investigated, and the influence of environmental factors on the degradation effect of dyestuff was discussed. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the synergistic effect on decolorization of 200 mg·L−1 reactive red 3BS dyestuff wastewater reached 93.8%. The free radical burst experiments confirmed the reaction mechanism that SO4·− and 1O2 generated by free radical and non-free radical pathways in the Fe3O4@BC/PMS system were involved in the synergistic degradation of the dye. The degradation efficiency of the catalytic system for the dye could still reach 31.2% after five cycles of recycling. This study provides a new method and pathway for magnetic biochar in the direction of high concentration dye wastewater treatment.
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Key words:
- bioleaching /
- magnetic biochar /
- PMS /
- Azo dyes /
- decolorization
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表 1 BC、BBC、PBC的比表面积和孔隙结构
Table 1. Specific surface area and pore structure of BC
样品
Sample比表面积/(m2·g−1)
Surface area孔容/(cm3·g−1)
Pore volume平均孔径/ nm
Average pore diameterBC 41.090 0.022 3.439 BBC 52.743 0.057 4.834 PBC 147.621 4.725 2.586 -
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