大洋鱿鱼体内重金属富集特征及健康风险评估
Bioaccumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Pelagic Squid
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摘要: 海产品摄食是重金属进入人体的主要途径。采集了西北太平洋、东南太平洋和印度洋3片远洋海域的鱿鱼样品，分析其肌肉、胃和消化腺中重金属元素Cr、As、Cd、Pb和Hg的富集特征。采用单因子污染指数（single factor index，SFI）、金属污染指数（metal pollution index，MPI）法以及非致癌风险评估方法对重金属污染程度和食用风险进行评价。结果表明，3种组织中As、Cd富集水平明显高于Cr、Pb和Hg，且消化腺中各重金属浓度大于肌肉和胃。As与Cd在区域间分布差异明显，均呈现印度洋>东南太平洋>西北太平洋的趋势，而Cr和Hg则呈现出西北太平洋>东南太平洋>印度洋的分布特征。Pb则呈现西北太平洋>印度洋>东南太平洋的趋势。SFI和MPI结果显示，印度洋As和Cd超过海洋生物质量国家标准，需引起关注。人体暴露风险评估表明，摄食3片海域的鱿鱼均不存在非致癌健康风险。为更好地提供摄食鱿鱼的健康数据，利用蒙特卡洛分析对西北太平洋、东南太平洋和印度洋3片海域重金属的联合毒性作用进行不确定性分析，3片海域的鱿鱼的最大摄入量分别为99、48.5和20.5 g·d-1，远高于中国人的鱿鱼日摄入量3.3 g·d-1。Abstract: The primary route of exposure to heavy metals is seafood ingestion. In this study, squids from the Northwest Pacific Ocean, Southeast Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean were collected and the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the muscles, stomachs and digestive glands were analyzed. The results show that the concentrations of As and Cd were higher than Cr, Pb and Hg, and all elements presented higher concentration in digestive gland than in muscle and stomach. There were obvious differences in regional distribution:Indian Ocean >Southeast Pacific Ocean>Northwest Pacific Ocean for As and Cd, Northwest Pacific Ocean >Southeast Pacific Ocean> Indian Ocean for Cr and Hg and Northwest Pacific Ocean>Indian Ocean >Southeast Pacific Ocean for Pb, respectively. Then a single factor index (SFI), metal pollution index (MPI) and the target hazard quotient were used to assess the health risks. According to the SFI and MPI, Cd and As in squids from Indian Ocean slightly exceeded applicable hygienic standard. However, no serious non-carcinogenic health risk were observed when human were exposed to the heavy metals by normal ingestion of squid. In order to provide better health data of consuming squids from Northwest Pacific Ocean, Southeast Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, Monte Carlo analysis was conducted for uncertainty analysis on the combined effects of heavy metals in the three regions. The maximum daily intakes of squid were 99, 48.5 and 20.5 g·d-1, respectively, which were much higher than the current daily intake of the Chinese residents (3.3 g·d-1).
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Key words:
- heavy metals /
- pelagic squid /
- risk assessment /
- Mento Carlo simulation
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